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Energy Consumption and Greenhouse Gas Emission of Alternative Vehicle Fuels in Thailand Using Well to Wheel Assessment

Worayut Saibuatrong, Thumrongrut Mungcharoen

Advanced materials research · 2012

Energy consumption and Greenhouse Gas (GHG) of major Alternative vehicle fuels (AVFs) in Thailand are estimated and compared with conventional fuels by means of full Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). The tool utilized here is the Well-to-Wheels (WtW) module of own model covering the entire lifecycle including: raw materials cultivation (or feedstock collection); fuel production; transportation and distribution; and application in automobile engines (ICE and hybrid engine), compared with conventional petroleum-based gasoline and diesel pathways. The model is based on Thailand’s national conditions with Tsinghua-CA3EM model. Part of this model structure has been adjusted to Thailand specific situations. Therefore, a majority of the parameters have been modified with local Thailand data. Results showed that the all alternative vehicle fuels can reduce energy consumption and GHG emissions compared to conventional fuels. Hybrid ICE engine to reduce energy consumption and GHG emissions when compared to the ICE engine. Biofuels-ICE engine, especially bioethanol from molasses, had the highest reduce energy consumption and GHG emissions. LPG- Hybrid ICE engine had the highest reduce energy consumption.

Comparative Study of Green Water Footprint Estimation Methods for Thailand: A Case Study of Cassava-based Ethanol

Shinatiphkorn Pongpinyopap, Thumrongrut Mungcharoen

Environment and Natural Resources Journal · 2012

Numerous water footprint studies published over the past decade have evaluated consumptive water use for various products and different contexts. Most of them are based on the FAO CROPWAT model using the USDA-SCS method for green water estimation. The proper estimation method of green water use is essential for improving accuracy of the results. In this study, the USDA-SCS, the Fixed percentage and the FAO/AGLW methods for the estimation of the green water use of cassava-based ethanol were compared against the daily soil water balance method in order to test the suitability of these methods for water footprinting studies in Thailand. One ton of cassava-based ethanol product was set as a functional unit. The reference year of the data was 2010. The study has shown that the USDA-SCS, the Fixed percentage and the FAO/AGLW methods underestimate the green water footprint by the average of 54, 56 and 70 percent, respectively. The effect of this will lead to overestimation of the blue water component of the water footprint and increase the opportunity costs of blue water uses. Therefore, it can be concluded that all three methods commonly used for estimating green water use are not appropriate for the conditions in Thailand

Biodegradable kinetics of plastics under controlled composting conditions

Thanawadee Leejarkpai, Unchalee Suwanmanee, Yosita Rudeekit, Thumrongrut Mungcharoen

Waste Management · 2011

Analysis of steel production in Thailand: Environmental impacts and solutions

Rungnapa Tongpool, Athiwatr Jirajariyavech, Chantana Yuvaniyama, Thumrongrut Mungcharoen

Energy · 2010

Life Cycle Energy Consumption and Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Polylactic acid (PLA) and Polystyrene (PS) Trays

Unchalee Suwanmanee, Thanawadee Leejarkpai, Yosita Rudeekit, Thumrongrut Mungcharoen

Witthayasan Kasetsat Witthayasat · 2010

This study aimed to assess the energy consumption and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of three types of materials used for tray production in Thailand. The materials studied were a polystyrene (PS) tray produced in Thailand and derived from petroleum, a polylactic acid (PLA-baseline) tray, which was produced in the USA and derived from corn, with the third one being a PLA tray with process improvement (PLA-improved). The improvements to the hypothetical PLA-improved tray included using PLA pellets produced in Thailand, using biomass feedstocks for PLA pellet production and reducing the amount of raw materials used in the forming process. The functional unit (FU) was 1,000 units of trays, with each tray being 20 · 14 · 1.5 cm. The first part of the study considered the production of PS trays, PLA trays (PLA-baseline) and PLA trays with process improvement (PLA-improved). The energy consumption and GHG emissions of PLA-improved trays was 51.38% and 63.2% lower than that of PS and PLA-baseline trays, respectively. Consequently, PLA-improved trays generated lower GHG emissions than PS trays by 16.04%, but the energy consumption to produce PLA-improved trays was slightly higher (4.06%) than that for PS trays. In the second part of the study, different waste management scenarios using PS, PLA-baseline and PLA-improved trays were considered. It was found that incineration with energy recovery was suitable with PS trays because it could reduce energy consumption and GHG emissions by 22.7% and 3.4%, respectively, whereas, composting and landfill with energy recovery from methane collection were suitable with PLA-baseline and PLA-improved trays. Composting of PLA-baseline and PLAimproved trays produced a reduction in energy consumption of 6.5% and 12.0%, respectively, while GHG emissions were reduced by 267.7 and 253.9 kg CO2 equivalent/FU, respectively. Landfill with energy recovery from methane collection from PLA-baseline and PLA-improved trays resulted in energy consumption reductions of 17.2% and 31.8%, respectively, with reductions in GHG emissions of 138.3 and 114.3 kg CO2 equivalent/FU, respectively.

Life Cycle Inventory Data Development for Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Thailand's Electricity Grid Generation Systems

Viganda Varabuntoonvit, Yucho Sadamichi, Seizo KATO, Thumrongrut Mungcharoen

International Journal of Emerging Electric Power Systems · 2008

LCA (Life Cycle Assessment) is a well known methodology to assess the impact on the environment over the life cycle of a product, process, or activity. This methodology is based on the LCI (Life Cycle Inventory) database, a data set of all resources (material and energy) that are consumed or emitted in order to produce 1 unit of the product. Because electricity is a basic infrastructure, a Thailand electricity grid LCI database is needed to assess the environmental impact not only for the product used in Thailand, but also for any product that is exported to other countries. A complete LCI database for the electricity grid in Thailand is not yet available, and the LCI database developed in this work applies from the fuel acquisition stage to the production stage. The analysis shows the unique characteristics of the Thailand electricity grid. An LCI database for each type of fuel and for each electricity generation system was developed. The characteristics of each type of fuel and electricity generation system are indicated in terms of Life Cycle GHG (Greenhouse Gas) emissions to reflect their global warming potential. Data on the Life Cycle GHG emission per kWh of electricity produced are also provided. The first Thailand LCI database for the fuels used in the electricity generation system was developed using data obtained from the EGAT (Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand), IPPs (Independent Power Producers), and PTT (Petroleum Authority of Thailand) during the Thai fiscal year 2005 (from October 2004 to September 2005). The database was used to analyze the current situation and the characteristics of the electricity generation system in Thailand and to compare it with the systems used in other developed countries.

Current status and research on E-waste issues in Asia

Atsushi Terazono, Shinsuke Murakami, Naoya Abe, Bülent Inanç, Yuichi Moriguchi, Shin-ichi Sakai, Michikazu Kojima, Aya Yoshida, Jinhui Li, Jianxin Yang, Ming Hung Wong, Amit Jain, In‐Suk Kim, Genandrialine Peralta, Chun-Chao Lin, Thumrongrut Mungcharoen, Eric Williams

Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management · 2006

Special Feature on the Environmentally Sustainable CityWaste Management and Recycling in Asia

Atsushi Terazono, Yuichi Moriguchi, Yuko Yamamoto, Shin-ichi Sakai, Bulent Inanc, Jianxin Yang, Stephen Siu, Ashok V. Shekdar, Donghoon Lee, Azni Idris, Albert Altarejos Magalang, Genandrialine Peralta, Chun-Chao Lin, Pireeyutma Vanapruk, Thumrongrut Mungcharoen

2005

Multimedia e-learning on technologies for efficient water use

Oscar Anson, Diego Gutiérrez, Francisco José Serón Arbeloa, Adolfo Muñoz, Malini Balakrishnan, Vidya S. Batra, Evan Diamadopoulos, P. Paraskeva, Andrzej Krasławski, Yuri Avramenko, N.P. Ratnayake, B Gunawarrdana, Thumrongrut Mungcharoen

Loughborough University Institutional Repository (Loughborough University) · 2004

One of the Millennium Development Goals is “To ensure environmental sustainability”, with a special task dedicated to\nhalve by 2015 the proportion of people without sustainable access to safe drinking water. This task collides with alarming\nstudies that, for instance, foresee an acute water shortage in India and other Asian countries by 2050. In this conflicting\ncontext we present ED-WAVE, a developing project funded by the Asia-Link Programme, participating six countries\n(India, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Greece, Spain and Finland). Its goal is to create a sustainable international cooperation\nframework and to develop a multimedia tool for e-Learning on technologies for conservation, reclamation and reuse of\nnatural resources. We therefore use IT tools aimed at improving people’s education, including analysis of current water\nuse status in Asia and Europe, review of potential technological interventions, simulation of impacts of specific technology\ninterventions and translation of knowledge into electronic teaching material.

LCA Evaluation for Grid Electricity Power Plants in Thailand Using LCA-NETS Method

Viganda Varabuntoonvit, Seizo KATO, Naoki Maruyama, Thumrongrut Mungcharoen, Anugerah Widiyanto, Yucho Sadamichi

The Proceedings of the Symposium on Environmental Engineering · 2002

Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) has been gradually considered for its effectiveness in evaluation of environmental impacts LCA assesses environmental impacts over the entire life cycle of any products, process, or activities. The research focused on the LCA evaluation of grid electricity thermal power plant and hydro power plant in Thailand. The power plant inventory database has been developed and LCA-NETS method is used to analyze environmental impact of power plants in Thailand. Assessments indicate power plant performance and propose possibility to reduce environmental effect. The results could be useful for further development of Eco-Power generation systems in Thailand.