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รศ.ดร.ไพรัช อุศุภรัตน์

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32 public publications

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Environmental Impact Assessment of Thai Minced Fish Paste (Surimi) Using Life Cycle Assessment Methodology

Harnpon Phungrassami, Phairat Usubharatana

Environmental Research Engineering and Management · 2020

Environmental impacts of fishery production have resulted in increased concern and awareness. Thailand, as one of the largest global fish exporters, faces challenges related to environmental problems caused by fishery processes. Here, the environmental impact of Thai surimi production was estimated based on life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology, focusing specifically on two Thai surimi products made from goatfish and ponyfish caught within the southern region of Thailand. Three impact categories where explored: global warming, acidification and eutrophication. Life cycle impacts were calculated for one kg of product using both mass and economic allocations. Results of this study indicated that goatfish has lower impacts than ponyfish for all the impact categories. Fuel consumption during the fishery phase and electricity consumption during processing were the main parameters leading to most of the considered environmental impacts. The value of Global Warming Potential(GWP) ranged within 1.3‒3.0 kg CO2eq for goatfish and 2.2‒7.1 kg CO2eq ponyfish depending on the allocation method. The acidification impact of goatfish and ponyfish were revealed at 3.2‒7.3 gSO2eq and 12.7‒39.7 gSO2eq, respectively. The eutrophication of goatfish and ponyfish were 0.7‒1.6 gPO4eq and 2.5‒8.1 gPO4eq, respectively. Sensitivity analysis of fuel consumption, electricity consumption, product yield and allocation method were evaluated.

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Fossil fuel carbon taxation policy effect on thai household expenditure using input–output price structural path model

Harnpon Phungrassami, Phairat Usubharatana

Environmental Progress & Sustainable Energy · 2019

Taxation levying promotes and enhances the management of greenhouse gas emissions; however, its effect on product price increases for households requires clarification. The impact of a fossil fuel taxation policy on Thai household expenditure was investigated. Carbon taxation rate was based on abatement cost. An input–output price model was applied to establish economical price structures and price changes as a carbon result of implementing a carbon taxation policy. A national consumer expenditure survey and price changes were used to evaluate the carbon tax burden distribution on each households, which have different expenditure. By using marginal abatement cost curve, reduction target is 175 MtCO2e by 2030. Results indicated that achieving the reduction target by that time is possible, although welfare losses in households were inevitable. Price increases resulting from implementing carbon taxation in each product sector ranged from 0.8 to 19.6%. Commodity price changes were largest for high carbon‐intensive sectors including Public utilities (19.6%), Nonmetallic products (15.7%), and Transport & Communication (8.5%). Welfare losses per household from taxation were around 3–4% for each group, resulting from both price changes and expenditure patterns. Highest tax burden fell on the economically inactive group that spent a larger share of their income on basic survival essentials which were heavily impacted by increased prices. © 2019 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 38:e13146, 2019

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LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT OF BIO-BASED THERMAL INSULATION MATERIALS FORMED BY DIFFERENT METHODS

Harnpon Phungrassami, Phairat Usubharatana

Environmental Engineering and Management Journal · 2019

Inorganic thermal insulators are commonly used to improve energy efficiency.However, environmental and health aspects of their production until the end of life have been increasingly concerned.Agricultural wastes including rice straw, rice husk and corn cobs are abundant in Thailand and converted into value-added products such as thermal insulation materials offers a viable recycling opportunity as the ecological burden of a product has now become a widely-discussed issue.In this paper, global warming potential impact of thermal insulation materials made from agricultural wastes; rice straw, bagasse, coconut coir and oil palm fibre, were assessed by using IPCC 2007, while Eco-indicator 99 was applied to evaluate the endpoint impact.Moreover, those impact of three different forming processes including (i) hot-pressing, (ii) using concentrated latex as a binder and (iii) using mixed concentrated latex-chemicals as a binder were compared.The physical properties of the insulation pads were tested to identify qualities such as density, water absorption, thickness swelling, fire resistance and thermal conductivity.The eco-efficiency of the insulation pads was also measured the performance and environmental impact and compared with commercial thermal insulators.Results revealed that thermal insulators formed by mixed concentrated latex-chemicals had the lowest thermal conductivity, while those formed by hot-pressing had the highest.Thermal conductivity of the four agricultural waste thermal insulation materials varied between0.042-0.087W/mK.Insulators made from rice straw caused the greatest environmental impact followed by those made from bagasse, coconut coir and oil palm fibre respectively.The result of eco-efficiency of oil palm fibre insulator, formed by mixed concentrated latex-chemical, was best presented and closed to the eco-efficiency of commercial thermal insulators.

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Life Cycle Assessment for Enhanced Efficiency of Small Power Plants by Reducing Air Input Temperature

Phairat Usubharatana, Harnpon Phungrassami

Polish Journal of Environmental Studies · 2018

This research aimed to study the relevant work relating to environmental evaluation associated with global warming, acidification, eutrophication, and human toxicity from the 120 MW combined-cycle cogeneration power plant through use of a life cycle assessment. The functional units of study were one kWh of electricity and one ton of steam production. The system boundary of this study comprised unit processes related to a gas turbine power plant and thermal power plant using natural gas. Input data including natural gas and demineralized water in the gas turbine process, while oxygen scavenger chemicals such as neutralizing amine and phosphate were included in the steam turbine process. We found that global warming potential and acidification potential came primarily from gas combustion during the production process, while transportation posted a minor contribution, while eutrophication potential and human toxicity caused by NaOCl was 10%. The feasible ways to reduce environmental impacts included cooling down the air temperature prior to being fed to the compressor using the evaporative method and the fogging method. The results found that the fogging method was proven to reduce global warming potential more significantly than the other method. On the other hand, the evaporative method was more effective in terms of acidification, eutrophication, and human toxicity reduction.

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CARBON FOOTPRINTS OF RUBBER PRODUCTS SUPPLY CHAINS (FRESH LATEX TO RUBBER GLOVE)

Phairat Usubharatana

Applied Ecology and Environmental Research · 2018

Carbon footprint emissions related to the natural latex supply chain including farm cultivation, concentrated latex production and rubber glove processing were investigated. Data were collected from 656 rubber plantations covering six provinces in the northeast, east, and south of Thailand and three concentrated latex production plants including one rubber glove processing factory. Different allocation methods were considered to compare the carbon footprint results including mass allocation, economic allocation and allocation by dry rubber content (DRC). Calculation methods were based on life cycle assessment (LCA) and ISO14067. Results indicated that farm size had no impact on the carbon footprint of fresh latex, with the carbon footprint of fertilizer application at planting estimated at more than 90% of the total contribution. For concentrated latex production, almost 70% of the carbon footprint originates from rubber cultivation. Total carbon footprint emission of 200 pieces of rubber glove was about 42 kg CO2-eq, allocated by mass during cultivation and by DRC in concentrated latex processing, with less than 1% from rubber plantations and concentrated latex processing. Allocation methods for the carbon footprint of rubber gloves do not affect the final result but have a great impact on the upstream process.

DOISource

Greenhouse Gas Emissions of One-Day-Old Chick Production

Phairat Usubharatana, Harnpon Phungrassami

Polish Journal of Environmental Studies · 2017

We used life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology to assess the environmental impacts of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions resulting from one-day-old chick production. The system boundary was set from hatching to the farm gate and involved the three main processes as parent farms, chicken feed production, and hatchery processing. The two main objectives were first to accumulate essential data for green supply chain management throughout the three processes of one-day-old chick production, and second, to identify hotspots and find a holistic solution to reduce GHG emissions within the system boundary. Eight combinations of one-day-old chick production were identified. Results determined that GHG emissions varied between 337 and 383 g CO 2 eq/day-old chick, depending on the combination. Chicken feed processing caused the highest impact at 45-55% as a result of the protein and energy-rich ingredients in the feed formulas. The replacement of chicken feed ingredients with dried distillers grain with solubles (DDGS), peas, cassava root, and cassava leaves was investigated. The best alternative was cassava root, which reduced GHG emissions between 5% and 6%.

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Evaluation of Opportunities to Reduce the Carbon Footprint of Fresh and Canned Pineapple Processing in Central Thailand

Phairat Usubharatana, Harnpon Phungrassami

Polish Journal of Environmental Studies · 2017

This study was proposed to estimate the carbon footprint (CF) and analyze the environmental hotspot of pineapple cultivation and canned pineapple production, and offer opportunities to reduce its CF. The studied cultivation area covered 158 ha, divided into small, medium-sized, and large farms. Input data including organic fertilizer, synthetic fertilizer, herbicides, and fossil fuels were included in the cultivation process, while fossil fuels, chemicals, packaging, and wastewater treatment were included in the production process. The results revealed that the CF of pineapple cultivation was 172 g CO 2 eq/kg of fresh pineapple, with the main contribution being fertilization usage, which accounted for 58-79% (depending on the size of the farm). In addition, canned pineapple had a CF of 738 g CO 2 eq/can (30 oz.), with the main contribution being packaging production at 42%. Moreover, feasible ways to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions -such as replacing fossil fuels with biomass, using biogas from wastewater treatment as a substitute for fuels used in the factory, humidity reduction in fossil fuels used in steam production, and introducing packaging from recycled cans -were all taken into account in this study.

DOISource

ECOLOGICAL FOOTPRINT ANALYSIS OF CANNED SWEET CORN

Phairat Usubharatana, Harnpon Phungrassami

Journal of Ecological Engineering · 2016

There has been a notable increase in both consumer knowledge and awareness regarding the ecological benefits of green products and services. Manufacturers now pay more attention to green, environmentally friendly production processes. Two significant tools that can facilitate such a goal are life cycle assessment (LCA) and ecological footprint (EF). This study aimed to analyse and determine the damage to the environment, focusing on the canned fruit and vegetable processing. Canned sweet corn (340 g) was selected for the case study. All inputs and outputs associated with the product system boundary were collected through field surveys. The acquired inventory was then analysed and evaluated using both LCA and EF methodology. The results were converted into an area of biologically productive land and presented as global hectares (gha). The ecological footprint of one can of sweet corn was calculated as 6.51E-04 gha. The three factors with the highest impact on ecological footprint value were the corn kernels used in the process, the packaging and steam, equivalent to 2.93E-04 gha, 1.19E-04 gha and 1.17E-04 gha respectively. To promote the sustainable development, the company should develop new technology or utilize better management techniques to reduce the ecological footprint of canned food production.

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Greenhouse Gas Emission in the Chicken Feed Industry Using Life Cycle Considerations: Thailand Case Study

Phairat Usubharatana, Harnpon Phungrassami

JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING OF JAPAN · 2016

Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) has become more widely and internationally accepted around the world, including in Thailand. The objective of this study is to calculate and identify the amount of greenhouse gas emission in order to provide an environmental profile for the broiler industry. In this study, LCA methodology was applied to chicken feed production for 12 different formulas from 3 participating factories in Thailand. The results of the study reveal that producing one kilogram of chicken feed requires 0.12–0.36 MJ of energy consumption, both in electricity and fuel. In terms of greenhouse gases, the results show the emission of 374–473 gCO2eq for broiler feed and 408–454 gCO2eq for parent feed. Energy-rich and protein-rich ingredients are the main contributors to the greenhouse gas effect, accounting for 87–96%. Those used in a factory, such as electricity, water and fuel, are less significantly impactful, or 3–11% of total greenhouse gases on average for all formulas. Grain transportation is also not a prominent contributor to the impact, accounting for less than 3% of total greenhouse gases. This is because the grains are produced domestically in Thailand. Feasible options to reduce greenhouse gas emissions include the replacement of soybeans—a conventional, protein-rich ingredient and the replacement of corn—a typically energy-rich ingredient. The results show that GHGs reduces by 1.67–6.96% when 20% of the soybeans are replaced by cassava leaves and by 12.80–22.77% when replacing 50% of the corn with cassava roots.

DOISource

LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT OF THE STRAW MUSHROOM PRODUCTION

Phairat Usubharatana

Applied Ecology and Environmental Research · 2016

The life cycle assessment of a product (LCA) is a tool to calculate the quantity of environmental emissions from each production unit throughout the whole life cycle of a specific product starting from raw material extraction, manufacturing, use and distribution to the final disposal. This tool becomes increasingly more necessary to consumers as information pertaining to environmental impacts which partially supports their purchasing decisions in Thailand. Therefore, the objective of this study is to analyze the environmental impacts of SMEs straw mushroom production with three different formulas including the soybean hull formula, rapeseed hull formula and the cassava peel formula. The functional unit was set at 1 kg of the straw mushroom at the farm gate. The inventory data was collected from a farm in Nakornsawan province, Thailand. The environmental impacts were dominated by global warming, eutrophication and acidification. Results were compared with environmental impacts of a straw mushroom production by using the rapeseed hull formula and the cassava peel formula with a soybean hull as the conventional method. Results indicated that the straw mushroom production with a cassava peel had the lowest environmental impacts. The comparison in terms of global warming impact of three formulas were 1.6 kgCO 2 e for the soybean hull formula, 5.4 kgCO 2 e for the rapeseed hull formula and 0.8 kgCO 2 e for the cassava peel formula. The acidification impact of the soybean hull, cassava peel and the rapeseed hull were revealed at 13.5 gSO 2 e, 8.3 gSO 2 e and 23.9 gSO 2 e, respectively. The eutrophication impact of the soybean hull, cassava peel and the rapeseed hull were 10.0 gPO 4 3-e, 1.9 gPO 4 3-e and 42.5 gPO 4

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