Thapat Silalertruksa, Shabbir H. Gheewala, Patcharaporn Pongpat, Piyanon Kaenchan, Napapat Permpool, Naruetep Lecksiwilai, Rattanawan Mungkung
Journal of Cleaner Production · 2016
Richard Waite, Beveridge, Malcolm, Brummett, R.E., Castine, S., Nuttapon Chaiyawannakarn, Sadasivam Kaushik, Rattanawan Mungkung, Supawat Nawapakpilai, Michael J. Phillips
CGSPace A Repository of Agricultural Research Outputs (Consultative Group for International Agricultural Research) · 2015
Makarawat Boonterm, Surakan Sunyadeth, Suchada Dedpakdee, Panaake Athichalinthorn, Somjate Patcharaphun, Rattanawan Mungkung, Ratchatee Techapiesancharoenkij
Journal of Cleaner Production · 2015
Richard Waite, M.C.M. Beveridge, R.E. Brummett, Sarah Castine, Nuttapon Chaiyawannakarn, Sadasivam Kaushik, Rattanawan Mungkung, Supawat Nawapakpilai, Michael J. Phillips
2014
SUMMARY Fish—including finfish and shellfish—are an important item in the human food basket, contributing 17 percent of the global animal-based protein supply in 2010. They are an especially valuable food source in developing countries, where more than 75 percent of the world’s fish consumption occurs. In addition to protein, fish contain micronutrients and longchain omega-3 fatty acids that are essential for maternal and child health, but often deficient in the diets of the poor.
Richard Waite, M.C.M. Beveridge, R.E. Brummett, Sarah Castine, Nuttapon Chaiyawannakarn, Sadasivam Kaushik, Rattanawan Mungkung, Supawa Nawapakpilai, Michael Philips
Prodinra (INRA Bordeaux-Aquitaine) · 2014
Fish—including finfish and shellfish—are an important item in the human food basket, contributing 17 percent of the global animal-based protein supply in 2010. They are an especially valuable food source in developing countries, where more than 75 percent of the world’s fish consumption occurs. In addition to protein, fish contain micronutrients and long- chain omega-3 fatty acids that are essential for maternal and child health, but often deficient in the diets of the poor.\nHowever, the global supply of wild-caught fish has long peaked and is unlikely to rise again unless overexploited stocks are rehabilitated. As world fish consumption continues to grow, aquaculture (fish farming) has emerged\nto meet demand. Already, just under half of all fish that people consume come from aquaculture, which is one of\nthe world’s fastest-growing animal food producing sectors. With the supply of wild-caught fish stagnant, any future increase in world fish consumption will need to be supplied by aquaculture.\nIn a resource-constrained world, aquaculture could be an attractive option for expanding animal protein supply.\nFarmed finfish are similar in feed conversion efficiency to poultry, and much more efficient than beef. Filter-feeding\ncarp and mollusks are even more efficient producers of animal protein, as they require no human-managed feeds\nand can improve water quality. Because the aquaculture sector is relatively young compared with terrestrial live-\nstock sectors, it offers great scope for technical innovation to further increase resource efficiency
Shabbir H. Gheewala, Thapat Silalertruksa, Pariyapat Nilsalab, Rattanawan Mungkung, Sylvain Perret, Nuttapon Chaiyawannakarn
Water · 2014
The proliferation of food, feed and biofuels demands promises to increase pressure on water competition and stress, particularly for Thailand, which has a large agricultural base. This study assesses the water footprint of ten staple crops grown in different regions across the country and evaluates the impact of crop water use in different regions/watersheds by the water stress index and the indication of water deprivation potential. The ten crops include major rice, second rice, maize, soybean, mungbean, peanut, cassava, sugarcane, pineapple and oil palm. The water stress index of the 25 major watersheds in Thailand has been evaluated. The results show that there are high variations of crop water requirements grown in different regions due to many factors. However, based on the current cropping systems, the Northeastern region has the highest water requirement for both green water (or rain water) and blue water (or irrigation water). Rice (paddy) farming requires the highest amount of irrigation water, i.e., around 10,489 million m3/year followed by the maize, sugarcane, oil palm and cassava. Major rice cultivation induces the highest water deprivation, i.e., 1862 million m3H2Oeq/year; followed by sugarcane, second rice and cassava. The watersheds that have high risk on water competition due to increase in production of the ten crops considered are the Mun, Chi and Chao Phraya watersheds. The main contribution is from the second rice cultivation. Recommendations have been proposed for sustainable crops production in the future.
Richard Waite, M.C.M. Beveridge, R.E. Brummett, S.A. Castine, Nuttapon Chaiyawannakarn, Sadasivam Kaushik, Rattanawan Mungkung, Supawat Nawapakpilai, Michael J. Phillips
2014
Rattanawan Mungkung, Michael Phillips, Sarah Castine, M.C.M. Beveridge, Nuttapon Chaiyawannakarn, Supawat Nawapakpilai, Richard Waite
AquaDocs (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) · 2014
Increases in fish demand in the coming decades are projected to be largely met by growth of aquaculture. However, increased aquaculture production is linked to higher demand for natural resources and energy as well as emissions to the environment. This paper explores the use of Life Cycle Assessment to improve knowledge of potential environmental impacts of future aquaculture growth. Different scenarios of future aquaculture development are taken into account in calculating the life cycle environmental impacts. The environmental impact assessments were built on Food and Agriculture Organization statistics in terms of production volume of different species, whereas the inputs and outputs associated with aquaculture production systems were sourced from the literature. The matrix of input-output databases was established through the Blue Frontiers study.
Sylvain-Roger Perret, Kwansirinapa Thanawong, Claudine Basset-Mens, Rattanawan Mungkung
Cahiers Agricultures · 2013
North-eastern Thailand is an essential production area for high-quality fragrant rice for domestic use and export. While rainfed conditions largely prevail, plans to extend irrigation are drafted. This article compares paddy rice production under irrigation and rainfed conditions. Techno-economic performances were analysed jointly with environmental impacts, based upon life cycle analysis, and energy and water use analyses. Data were collected in 2010 from 45 diverse rice cropping systems in the Lam Sieo Yai Basin, according to three systems, namely wet-season rain-fed (Rw), wet-season irrigation (Iw), and dry-season irrigation (Id) systems. Wide-ranging performances and impacts were observed, while cropping practices were relatively homogeneous. Differentiation of systems originated mostly from differences in yield, which were largely impacted by water supply. The results highlight the low performances and high impacts of Id systems. They require mostly blue water, while the two other systems rely primarily on green water. Id systems also require more energy and labour, due to increased water management needs. The productivity of most production factors was higher in Rw and Iw systems. Emissions proved relatively similar across systems, with the exception of CH4, which was markedly lower in Rw systems due to specific water and organic residue management. Id systems systematically emitted more nitrates, phosphates, and pesticides. Rw systems showed the lowest environmental impacts per ha and per kg of paddy rice produced. The average Global Warming Potential was 2.97 kg CO2-eq per kg rice in Rw systems, 4.87 in Iw systems, and 5.55 in Id systems. This article further discusses the results in view of contrasting perspectives, including societal objectives, farmer income and environmental integrity, and possible irrigation development in north-eastern Thailand.
Shabbir H. Gheewala, Rattanawan Mungkung
Carbon Management · 2013
Product carbon footprinting has gained much attention in recent years as many national and international standards have been formulated as well as several carbon labeling schemes. Thailand has also made efforts in this direction over the past several years and is in fact the first country in the southeast Asian region to have developed national guidelines for carbon footprint calculation and labeling. During the process of conducting product carbon footprinting for pilot studies, many issues of concern were raised, some of which may be common to all countries, while others were more specific for tropical countries exporting agricultural products. Experiences are drawn from the study of several national (Publicly Available Specification 2050, Japanese and Thai national guidelines) and international (ISO14067) standards, including the application of some of these to several product carbon footprinting studies. Issues of data collection, grouping of products, co-product allocation, land-use change, product category rules, type of carbon label and consumer understanding have been discussed, with some possible solutions given to address these issues. The cost of carbon footprinting and labeling are also discussed, along with their implications on companies implementing carbon footprinting. Finally, suggestions are made for issues to be discussed at the international level with a view to harmonizing the carbon footprinting methodology, as well as to address the specific concerns of developing countries that have a large volume of agriculture-based exports.
Rattanawan Mungkung, Shabbir H. Gheewala, Claver Kanyarushoki, Almudena Hospido, Hayo van Der Werf, Ngamtip Poovarodom, Sébastien Bonnet, Joël Aubin, Marı́a Teresa Moreira, Gumersindo Feijóo
Environmental Development · 2012
Pariyapat Nilsalab, Shabbir H. Gheewala, Rattanawan Mungkung
Environment and Natural Resources Journal · 2012
The promotion of agrofuels for transportation may exacerbate the water demand especially due to increased agriculture. Water Footprint (WF) and Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) are the two well-developed approaches for evaluating quantities and potential impacts of water used for the entire product system and its supply chain. WF defines water based on source and pollution as green, blue and gray water while LCA accounts for water based on types of water use. Considering a result interpretation for water inventory, WF gives a more meaningful result than LCA in terms of water resource management. Likewise, LCA is more appropriate than WF for assessing impact via cause and effect relationship. As more water is usually required for growing the feedstock during cultivation rather than for processing agrofuels, WF and LCA can be applied together for water assessment of agrofuels feedstock cultivation. WF is applied at the inventory level to reflect the competition for water due to agriculture for food, feed, fibre and fuel. Then LCA is conducted using impact assessment for quantitative evaluation of water use with respect to water scarcity. Spatial data, meteorological data, agricultural practices and land use are required. The alternative results for expansion of the feedstock cultivation areas can be obtained through a scenario analysis. In conclusion, it is seen that both these methods are useful for assessing water and may likely be developed further for sustainability assessment of agrofuels.
Cécile Bessou, Thierry Tran, Régis Lacote, Rattanawan Mungkung
Agritrop (Cirad) · 2012
International audience
Thitiwat Leepaisomboon, Rattanawan Mungkung, Niti Chuchird, C. Limsuwan
Kasetsart University Fishery Research Bulletin · 2011
This study evaluated the current compliance of Thai shrimp farms to the GLOBALG.A.P. standard (The Global Partnership for Good Agriculture Practices) to identify practical corrective actions and their technical implications. Eighteen shrimp farms in Thailand, representing small/medium, single/group, and inland/coastal farms, were audited against the GLOBALG.A.P. criteria. The results indicated that the farms complied with only half of the criteria, with no significant differences associated with farm size. The level of compliance in the aquaculture base (AB) module (43-63%) was highest, followed by the shrimp species (SP) module (44-56%), the social (SC) module (40-65%), and the all farm (AF) module (17-44%). The major noncompliance areas were in the AF and AB modules. Noncompliance areas in the AF module were related to identifying environmental, risk, safety, health, and hygiene factors with regard to developing plans and procedures (including the emergency/accident plan and procedure) and implementing internal self-assessment and corrective actions. The most critical areas in the AB module were customer complaints and the recall procedure. The key adaptation strategies were developing farm management systems and document control for good practices and implementing activities to educate farmers and associated stakeholders about principles and practices of the GLOBALG.A.P. standard. The introduction of GLOBALG.A.P. standard will help improve product reputation. However, other issues need to be taken into accoun i.e. market demand and price premium to farmers, introduction of contract farming, and the availability of local auditors and certification procedure.
Aurèle Baruthio, Joël Aubin, Rattanawan Mungkung, Jérôme Lazard, Hayo van Der Werf
2009
David C. Little, Francis J. Murray, Trevor C. Telfer, James A. Young, Liñdsay G. Ross, Barry Hill, A. Dalsgard, Paula van den Brink, Jeroen B. Guinée, René Kleijn, Rattanawan Mungkung, Yi Yang, J. Min, L. Liping, L. Huanan, L. Yuan, Y. Derun, Nguyễn Thành Phương, Trần Ngọc Hải, Pham Than Liem, Vũ Ngọc Út, Vu Thanh Tùng, Ta Van Viet, K. Satapornvanit, Tipparat Pongthanapanich, Mohd Helmy Abd Wahab, A.K.M. Nowsad Alam, Mohammad Mahfujul Haque, Mohammad Abdus Salam, Flavio Corsin
2009
Trade in aquatic products is the largest global food sector, by value, with Asia representing the main external source of aquatic products into the EU. Current EU policy supporting international trade between Asia and Europe concentrates on issues of food safety as measures of quality, whilst marketforces drive development of standards and labels that identify social and environmental parameters. The SEAT (Sustaining Ethical Aquatic Trade) project proposes to establish an evidence-based framework to support current and future stakeholder dialogues organised by third party certifiers. This will contribute to harmonising standards, helping consumers to make fully informed choices with regards to the sustainability and safety of their seafood. The ‘Ethical Aquatic Food Index’ (EAFI), a qualitative holistic measure of overall sustainability intended to support consumers’ purchasing decisions, will be based on detailed research centred on a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of current processes. Systems thinking will be applied to analyse livelihood impacts along the global value chains of four farmed aquatic products, tilapia, shrimp, freshwater prawns and Pangasius catfish in four major producing countries China, Thailand, Vietnam and Bangladesh. Initial assessments of environmental impacts by and on aquatic production and processing systems, and impacts on product safety and social equity will lead towards prioritisation of critical issues and supportive action research. Micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) based in the EU and Asia will participate in this process, enhancing their relative competitiveness. By strengthening the knowledge base surrounding EU-Asia seafood trade the project will provide the evidence required to support further expansion whilst ensuring a fair deal for producers who are meeting appropriate social and environmental goals and offering a safe and sustainable product for consumers.
M.J. Phillips, Fan En-yuan, Fiona Gavine, Tan Kim Hooi, M N Kutty, Nelson A. Lopez, Rattanawan Mungkung, T.T. Nagan, Patrick White, Kei Yamamoto, Hisashi Yokoyama
2009
Rattanawan Mungkung
Surrey Research Insight Open Access (The University of Surrey) · 2005
An in-depth analysis of shrimp aquaculture has been conducted using a life cycle approach to gain a better understanding of the sustainability issues facing the industry. The environmental footprint of the complete supply chain of block-frozen shrimp has been evaluated within this study using Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). The analysis is based on shrimp production in Thailand as a case study, in which frozen shrimp represents the principal shrimp aquaculture product. The results from the LCA study show farming is the key life cycle stage generating the most significant environmental impacts, particularly marine toxicity, abiotic depletion and global warming, which arise mainly from the use of energy, shrimp feed and burnt lime. Eutrophication caused by wastewater discharged from the shrimp ponds has also \nbeen identified as a significant problem. In addition to the key life cycle stages, this study has identified the key environmental issues and improvements needed in aquaculture management practices. The identified environmental impacts can be reduced by using inputs from sustainable sources, such as domesticated broodstock and local sources of post-larvae, and by replacing burnt lime by limestone. Further improvements could be achieved by using jet aeration equipment rather than paddle-wheel aerators because of their better energy efficiency. Better onfarm management practices should be implemented to improve the quality of ponds, including optimisation of stocking density, feeding rate, water exchange and operation of the aerators. It is also necessary for farms to treat wastewater before its release into natural receiving water to minimise the eutrophication problem. \nIn order to identify more sustainable farming systems, the study has also compared the environmental performance of five different farming types: (i) a Conventional & CoC \nfarm, applying an intensive farming system coupled with an environmental management system (the ‘Code of Conduct for Responsible Marine Aquaculture’, known as ‘CoC’); \n11 (ii) a Biological & CoC farm, practising an intensive farming system with implementation of CoC and minimising the use of chemicals; (iii) a Probiotic farm, using \nprobiotic substances to digest waste in shrimp ponds; (iv) an Ecological farm, aiming to raise shrimps naturally by optimising the ecological intensity of inputs; and (v) a ‘Goingto-be-Organic’ farm, undergoing conversion from conventional to organic farming primarily by operating at a lower stock density and completely eliminating chemical inputs. The LCA results show that potential impacts of the various farming types are closely related to the choice of farming site, culture technique and management strategy. The Conventional & CoC farm has the highest impacts because of the higher inputs of energy, feed and burnt lime. The use of probiotics (in Probiotic farm) and biological extracts (in Biological & CoC and Going-to-be Organic farms) in place of chemicals significantly reduces the ecotoxicity impact. The Ecological farm proves to be the least problematic in \nterms of eutrophication, primarily as a result of reduced feeding rate and improved feed management. If equal importance is attributed to all the impact categories considered in the CML Baseline method, the environmental performance of the different farming systems can be ranked from best to worst as: Going-to-be-Organic, Probiotic, Ecological, Biological & CoC and Conventional & CoC farms. Similar ranking is obtained for the other two life cycle impact assessment methods used here, i.e. EPS 2000 and Ecoindicator 99. This study has also highlighted that economic priorities and social benefits coupled with environmental consideration must be analysed from the life cycle perspective. The results from LC A can be used to formulate a more sustainable policy and management framework for the shrimp aquaculture industry. Participation of the stakeholders along the supply chain is also important for policy formulation and implementation of sustainable management frameworks. Roles and responsibilities of various governmental \norganisations must be clearly defined, together with the establishment of laws and regulations to support the implementation of policy aligned with environmental objectives. Environmental management should also include sustainable management of aquaculture resources and farming practices with strong support from associated \nindustries to improve the overall environmental performance of shrimp production as a whole. The environmental performance of shrimp production is increasingly becoming a commercial concern due mainly to the consumer demand for environmentally-friendly products. The environmental issues identified in this LCA study are therefore used to analyse various certification schemes that have been introduced or proposed for production of farmed shnmp, and to propose an colabelling initiative for sh
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