City Carbon Footprint Evaluation and Forecasting Case Study: Dan Sai Municipality
Netchanakan Sununta, Surat Sedpho, Sate Sampattagul
DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) · 2018
In this research, City Carbon Footprint (CCF) of Dan Sai municipality was evaluated according to the Global Protocol for Community-scale Greenhouse Gas Emission Inventories (GPC) guideline. Related activity data in 2015 were collected and analyzed which presented into 3 scopes (Scope1, 2, 3). As the results, the total CCF of Dan Sai Municipality is 8,528.04 tCO2eq which contributed from scope 1, scope 2 and scope 3 of 5,524 tCO2eq, 2,164 tCO2eq, 1,140 tCO2eq, respectively. Fossil fuel combustion from industrial sub-sector in scope 1 showed the greatest contribution of 40% of the total, followed by electricity consumption in scope 2, solid waste treatment in scope 1 accounting for 25% and 13%, respectively. The data of CCF in 2015 was used as baseline (Business as Usual: BAU) in order to predict city emissions in 2030 using mathematical forecasting model. The result indicated that CCF of Dan Sai can be reach up to 11,662.39 t CO2eq (27%). Consequently, applying mitigation options to reduce the emission for Dan Sai has been proposed. It was found that implementation of reduction projects including installation of solar rooftop, composting organic waste, producing RDF from waste and convert waste to energy by using RDF hybrid ORC could reduce CCF accounting for 20%, 0.53%, 1% and 3%, respectively. This study can provide benefits and offer better solutions for maximizing the potential of low carbon city and minimizing the climate change problem issues for municipality in the near future.
Field evaluation of an electrostatic PM2.5 mass monitor
Panich Intra, Artit Yawootti, Sate Sampattagul
DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) · 2018
An electrostatic PM2.5 mass monitor (EPMM) used for wireless continuous airborne particulate matter monitoring was developed and field evaluated in our previous work. Developed electrostatic PM2.5 mass monitor was consisted of a 2.5 impactor, a particle charger, a Faraday cup electrometer, a flow system, a high voltage power supply, and data acquisition, processing, and wireless monitor system. The monitoring data of the EPMM was connected to the internet through a GSM connection to a public cellular network. In this study, the EPMM performance was simultaneously evaluated and compared with a commercially available Thermo Scientific Model 5014i Beta Continuous Particulate Monitor for PM2.5 measurements at ambient conditions. The monitoring station was located in Yupparaj Wittayalai School, Si Phum, Mueang, Chiang Mai, Thailand, during October 15 to November 5, 2015. The two different instruments showed good results that were highly correlated. It was found that the comparison between the EPMM and the Thermo Scientific Model 5014i Beta data values were R2 of 0.8230 and 0.9811, and a slope of 1.0231 and 0.8802 for 1-hour and 24-hours, respectively. Particularly, it was showed that the EPMM proved its advantages in measuring and detecting PM2.5 particulate air pollution for mass concentrations in the range from 0 to 500 µg/m3 and with greater than 500 hours of operation.
Life cycle greenhouse gas evaluation of organic rankine cycle using refuse-derived fuel from municipal solid waste
Netchanakan Sununta, Surat Sedpho, Shabbir H. Gheewala, Sate Sampattagul
Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy · 2017
In Thailand, the rise in population and economic growth have caused waste generation to increase rapidly, leading to increases in greenhouse gases (GHGs) being released to the atmosphere from waste landfills. Application of waste-to-energy technology to produce electricity can reduce waste accumulation in landfills in addition to lessening the GHG emissions. This study aimed to evaluate life cycle GHG emissions from application of organic Rankine cycle (ORC) as waste-to-energy technology using refuse-derived fuel (RDF), which is produced from municipal solid waste, according to the life cycle assessment approach. The functional unit is defined as 1 kWh. The results indicate that the GHG emissions of 1 kWh of power generated from a RDF hybrid with an ORC power generation system are mostly contributed from RDF combustion in the operation stage, which accounts for 77% of the total. The RDF hybrid ORC shows fewer GHG emissions than the existing combustion-based power generation in Thailand, except for natural gas with the combined-cycle technology. The RDF hybrid ORC power generation can reduce 51.47% of GHG emissions when compared with an open dump, and 34.31% when compared with a landfill. The RDF hybrid ORC was also demonstrated as an environmentally friendly system that can be considered as a source of power generation in power planning in the future.
Exergetic Evaluation of Renewability for Renewable Electricity Generation in Thailand
Surat Sedpho, Sate Sampattagul
NRCT Data Center · 2015
In 2021, the target of renewable energy production of Thailand is 25%. Therefore the installation of renewable power generation systems has been increasing. In order to promote the sustainable development of renewable power generation, the environmental impacts of the system have to be considered. In this paper, the environmental sustainability of solar and wind power generation were evaluated by using life cycle assessment (LCA) framework together with exergy concept as exergy-based indicator, exergetic efficiency and renewability, throughout the life cycle from procurement of materials as well as transportation to the power generation system. According to the results, renewable power generation systems consume the greatest amount of exergy in the construction phase, wind power generation was considered as a sustainable system. Wind power generation is also more easily renewable than solar power generation.
The NPP and Social Asset Impacts of Acidification from Coal-fired Power Plant in Thailand
Chantima Rewlay-ngoen, Seksan Papong, Sate Sampattagul
Energy Procedia · 2014
Since 1978, coal has played an important role in power generation systems in Thailand, and in 2013 it accounts for 19% of the total electricity production of the whole country. However, coal-fired power plants are by far the biggest sources of sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ) emitted into the atmosphere, which contributes to the formation of acidification and directly affects terrestrial ecosystems and materials. In addition, when the acid level (pH) of rainfall reduces, it changes the soil's physical and chemical characteristics and affects the growth rate of the plants. On the other hand, acidity rainfall on buildings causes metal and stone damage and destruction. Therefore, the understanding of the environmental impacts of electricity generation from coal is needed. It can lead to the development of acidification reduction plans and policies. Life Cycle Impact Assessment (LCIA) is one of the useful tools for evaluating the environmental burden of processes by accounting for the inflow and outflow of materials and energy as well as the waste released into environment. Thus, the main objective of this study was to analyses the acidification damage factor from coal-fired power plants using Life-cycle Impact assessment Model based on Endpoint modelling (LIME). As the results, the endpoint effects of acidification indicated that it will definitely and seriously destroy the growth rate of plants and be able to show this in terms of the value of Net Primary Production (NPP) and damage to the building can be shown via the maintenance social assets cost (Baht). Moreover, the results will help us to minimize the acidification damage costs from coal-fired power plants to be more environmentally friendly.
ENDPOINT DAMAGE OF COAL-FIRED POWER PLANT IN THAILAND
Chantima Rewlay-ngoen, Sate Sampattagul
2013
The aim of this research is therefore to adjust the life cycle impact assessment method so that it becomes suitable for Thailand, within the context of characterization, damage, and weighting factors. The results show that the coefficient of those factors. Additionally, this study was conducted to analyze the acidification damage factors—the damage arises from coal-fired power plant—using the coefficients of those factors. Finally, the results of this study will help us to minimize the damage costs from the coal-fired power plant in order that they become more environmentally friendly.
Life Cycle Impact Modeling of Global Warming on Net Primary Production : A Case Study of Biodiesel in Thailand
Chantima Rewlay-ngoen, Seksan Papong, Pornpote Piumsomboon, Pomthong Malakul, Sate Sampattagul
Environment and Natural Resources Journal · 2013
Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is an effective tool for evaluating the potential environmental impact associated with all stages of a product's life cycle. Currently, a number of Life Cycle Impact Assessment (LCIA) methodologies have been developed. These methods are based on an ad hoc approach adopted by different countries and regional conditions, which make the results difficult to compare. In Thailand, the methodological choices and framework to assess environmental impacts in LCA are still under development. Because the actual amount of environmental damage differs depending on environmental variables such as climate and population density, there is a need to develop the LCIA method for use in Thailand. The aim of this research is therefore to develop LCIA method that is suitable for Thailand, within the context of global warming. The results show that the midpoint approach have been similar with any LCIA method, while the endpoint approach considered two factors are for the world and in Thailand. Based on endpoint approach, the net primary productivity (NPP) damage factor the World and Thailand from all 63 greenhouse gas emissions are 8.78 x 10 5 and 2.72 x 10 -2 kg/kg, respectively. Further development will be developed other the effects of global warming on human health and social assets with the sensitivity analysis and other impact categories which the important environmental problems in Thailand.
Water Footprint of Bioethanol Production from Sugarcane in Thailand
Ratchayuda Kongboon, Sate Sampattagul
Journal of environment and earth science · 2012
Following Thailand’s policy framework on bioenergy as stipulated in the Alternative Energy Development Plan (AEDP), ethanol use is encouraged and thereby results in increasing cultivation of sugarcane and other ethanol plants. Inadvertently, the use of scarce water resources has increased in tandem. This research aims to assess water footprint (WF) of sugarcane-based bioethanol production in Thailand. The study consists of into two parts, i.e., cultivation and ethanol production processes. The study result shows WF of sugarcane of 226 m 3 /ton, which consists of green WF of 146 m 3 /ton, blue WF of 31 m 3 /ton, and grey WF of 49 m 3 /ton. Based on the AEDP ethanol production targets of 3, 6.2 and 9 million m 3 /day by 2011, 2016, and 2022, demand of water is thus anticipated at 18,041; 37,787 and 54,853 million m 3 /year, respectively. The promotion of ethanol use in such an agricultural country as Thailand is definitely poised to cause the competition for water resources in plant growing for human consumption and energy production. The results of this study can be applied to drawing up the future policy on water and to producing bioethanol in the manner that is the most efficient use of water resources. Keywords: Water footprint, sugarcane, Bioethanol, water resource, Thailand
Life Cycle Evaluation of Frozen Okra by Using Parameter Screening Method
Sate Sampattagul, Supalak Palee, Chunya Kantawongwan
Environment and Natural Resources Journal · 2012
Different methodologies of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) have been developed all over the world, however, the full implementation of LCA for SMEs is difficult due to its complexity, time consumption and the high cost. These problems were partly solved by using the experience in the development of a “Streamlined LCA” for SMEs. A parameter screening method was applied in the case study of frozen okra which is just one of the highly exported agricultural products of Thailand. The life cycle environmental impacts of this product were evaluated using a method called “Environmentally Responsible Product Assessment (ERPA)”. The objective of this research was to identify and quantify the environmental impacts of frozen okra from plantation, manufacturing, transportation, consumption and disposal. The environmental impact can be classified into 5 environmental stressors, which are material procurement, energy consumption, solid waste, wastewater and air pollution. The environmental impact was assessed by rating the collection at the highest impact level for each parameter, such as fertilizers, chemical use, heavy oil use, and direct emissions from energy consumption. All of the rating values were calculated based on the panel weighing method. Finally, the environmental stressors of the whole life cycle stage were shown in the form of target plots with a 25-element matrix. The overall rating (RERP) was 55.93, and coolant (ammonia and R-22) and energy consumption in the manufacturing stage are regarded as hot-spots. In addition, greenhouse gases from the manufacturing and transportation stages are critical parameters that need to be reduced to increase the environmental friendliness of production.
The water footprint of sugarcane and cassava in northern Thailand
Rattikarn Kongboon, Sate Sampattagul
Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences · 2012
This study assesses the water footprint (WF) of sugarcane and cassava in northern Thailand. The WF is an indicator that expresses the amount of freshwater embodied in each ton of crop produce. It varies considerably for each region, which is characterized by different climate and agricultural production systems. On average the WF of sugarcane (202 m3/ton) is less than that of cassava (509 m3/ton). At the provincial level, the WF of sugarcane is most intensive in Lampang (252 m3/ton) and less intensive in Kamphaeng Phet (167 m3/ton). Uthai Thani is the province where the WF of cassava is the highest (547 m3/ton), while Kamphaeng Phet has the lowest WF. If Thailand were to move toworads a low carbon society by switching from fossil fuel to bioenergy the effect on the volume of water usage in agricultural production is likely to increase. Therefore, the main problem facing Thailand will be water scarcity if water resource is not managed properly, this study showed the importance of water management for sustainable – bioenergy production and the competition for water resource between “water for food” or “water for energy”
2012 International Conference in Asia Pacific Business Innovation and Technology Management The water footprint of sugarcane and cassava in northern Thailand
Rattikarn Kongboon, Sate Sampattagul
2012
This study assesses the water footprint (WF) of sugarcane and cassava in northern Thailand. The WF is an indicator that expresses the amount of freshwater embodied in each ton of crop produce. It varies considerably for each region, which is characterized by different climate and agricultural production systems. On average the WF of sugarcane (202 m 3 /ton) is less than that of cassava (509 m 3 /ton). At the provincial level, the WF of sugarcane is most intensive in Lampang (252 m 3 /ton) and less intensive in Kamphaeng Phet (167 m 3 /ton). Uthai Thani is the province where the WF of cassava is the highest (547 m 3 /ton), while Kamphaeng Phet has the lowest WF. If Thailand were to move toworads a low carbon society by switching from fossil fuel to bioenergy the effect on the volume of water usage in agricultural production is likely to increase. Therefore, the main problem facing Thailand will be water scarcity if water resource is not managed properly, this study showed the importance of water management for sustainable – bioenergy production and the competition for water resource between “water for food” or “water for energy”
Life cycle assessment of palm oil biodiesel production in Thailand
Sate Sampattagul, Pranee Nutongkaew, Tanongkiat Kiatsiriroat
IIRE International Journal of Renewable Energy · 2011
During translation elongation, the ribosome ratchets along its mRNA template, incorporating each new amino acid and translocating from one codon to the next. The elongation cycle requires dramatic structural rearrangements of the ribosome. We show here that deep sequencing of ribosome-protected mRNA fragments reveals not only the position of each ribosome but also, unexpectedly, its particular stage of the elongation cycle. Sequencing reveals two distinct populations of ribosome footprints, 28-30 nucleotides and 20-22 nucleotides long, representing translating ribosomes in distinct states, differentially stabilized by specific elongation inhibitors. We find that the balance of small and large footprints varies by codon and is correlated with translation speed. The ability to visualize conformational changes in the ribosome during elongation, at single-codon resolution, provides a new way to study the detailed kinetics of translation and a new probe with which to identify the factors that affect each step in the elongation cycle.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.01257.001.
LCA/LCC of Jatropha Biodiesel Production in Thailand
Sate Sampattagul, Chonticha Suttibut, Tanongkiat Kiatsiriroat
NRCT Data Center · 2009
The market price of oil has increased tremendously over the last decade. One of the major influences has been the higher demand for energy consumption in developing countries. Thailand imports a huge amount of oil each year, mainly for the industrial and transportation sectors. Statistics indicate that the selling price of diesel in Thailand increased from 0.24 Euros per liter in 2000 to 0.56 Euros/L in 2006. This problem directly and suddenly affected all sectors which rely on this fuel. In order to relieve this crisis, the government tried to promote the development of biodiesel, which has the same function as diesel fuel but is less expensive. However, there are many kinds of biodiesel fuels: such as biodiesel from used cooking oil, from plants, or from animal grease. Some of these have similar properties to petroleum-based diesel, but may require extensive improvement processes. Jatropha shows great potential as an oil-producing plant source in Thailand. Nevertheless, from the life cycle aspect, to generate biodiesel from Jatropha oil, materials and energy must be consumed and emissions and wastes will be released into the environment. Therefore, it is necessary to quantify and verify the energy efficiency and the environmental impacts of Jatropha biodiesel production from the life cycle point of view. Thus, the objectives of this paper are to develop the life cycle inventory database of Jatropha biodiesel and to analyze the environmental impacts by using the concept of life cycle thinking. It is clearly shown that the cultivation process of Jatropha contributes the highest environmental impacts, compared to other stages in the life cycle, due ineffective cultivation management. Suggested improvements to the Jatropha life cycle are introduced to maximize the benefits of using Jatropha biodiesel and minimize the environmental impacts, in order to help ensure future sustainable utilization.
Life cycle impact analysis and development of NETS-GPI for electricity generation systems in Thailand
Sate Sampattagul
Medical Entomology and Zoology · 2005
206 An Approach Integrating Life Cycle Assessment and Costing Model for Eco-Industrial Product
Y. D. Izu, Naoki Maruyama, Yucho Sadamichi, Seizo KATO, Sate Sampattagul, Akira Nishimura, Ryuma ITO, Yukio Kimura, Masaki Nakamura
The Proceedings of the Symposium on Environmental Engineering · 2005
Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) becomes a more critical tool for ECP (Environmentally Conscious Products) designing. At the same time, Life Cycle Costing (LCC) and Environmental Accounting (Eco-Accounting) are becoming a necessary tool to make decision of WTP (willingness to pay) for avoiding certain environmental impacts. This paper proposes a conversion scheme of the environmental load reduction expressed in physical units due to countermeasures into money units based on the CO_2 emission dealing right price, which is able to be evaluated by the CO_2 equivalent NETS values. Additionally, several criteria for the environmental costs performance are proposed with case studies.
Comparison of Coal-fired and Natural Gas-fired Power Plants as Economically Viable and Ecologically Sustainable Power Generation Systems
Sate Sampattagul, Seizo KATO, Tanongkiat Kiatsiriroat, Naoki Maruyama, Akira Nishimura
International Journal of Emerging Electric Power Systems · 2005
To achieve a sustainable power generation industry it is necessary to study the environmental impacts and economic costs of all aspects of a power generation plants lifecycle - from mining to electricity distribution, and, ultimately, decommission (from cradle to grave). One key component in improving and maintaining quality of life for consumers is the application of the Green Productivity Index (GPI) in order to evaluate the related factors of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and Life Cycle Costing (LCC). The goal of this research is to appraise the efficacy of decision-making tools in accurately assessing the potential results of green improvements to coal-fired and natural gas-fired power plants in both ecological and economic terms. The recently developed Numerical Eco-load Total Standardization (LCA-NETS) evaluates environmental impacts by identifying and quantifying input energy and output waste released to the environment throughout the life cycle of a power plant. Environmental impacts caused by global and regional environmental issues are numerically calculated in the units of NETS. Environmental assessment tools such as LCA, LCC and GPI can be used to improve the environmental friendliness of electricity generation by demonstrating the future sustainability of green power generation plants and their contribution to the quality of life of consumer.
Environmental impacts evaluation of electricity grid mix systems in four selected countries using a life cycle assessment point of view
Anugerah Widiyanto, Seizo KATO, Naoki Maruyama, Akira Nishimura, Sate Sampattagul
2003
The life cycle inventory (LCI) data of electric power generation plays a vital role on LCIs of industrial products. However, there are no formal life cycle assessment (LCA) studies in Indonesia so far due to limited of LCA expertise and lack of sufficient databases relevant to domestic conditions. Therefore, the aim of this study is, firstly, to introduce a life cycle assessment (LCA) method for Indonesian electric power generation systems, secondly, to establish LCI data for electricity grid mix of Indonesia compared with three selected countries, Japan, Thailand and China and, finally, to analyze and to investigate the environmental burdens for these four selected countries from a life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) point of view using the proposed LCA-NETS (Numerical Eco-load Total Standard) method. The resulting LCA evaluations are discussed for further ecological improvement.
LCA/LCC of Mae Moh Coal-fired Power Plant in Thailand
Seizo KATO, Sate Sampattagul, Tanongkiat Kiatsiriroat, Naoki Maruyama, Anugerah Widiyanto, Akira Nishimura
The Proceedings of the Symposium on Environmental Engineering · 2003
Mae Moh Coal-Fired Power Plant in Thailand has held the second share of utility power generation in Thailand, approximately 22.7% of all utility-produced electricity (EGAT, 2000). However, there are plenty of environmental arguments of this only one power plant that using coal energy for generating electricity. Therefore, understanding the environmental impacts of the power plant system is necessary in order to find possible and suitable ways for waste reduction and system improvement. The aim of the study is first to apply Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) with Numerical Eco-Load Total Standardization (NETS), which used for evaluating the environmental burdens by identifying and quantifying energy and materials used and waste released to environment based on the balance of L & R (Loader and Receiver) tolerance. And the Life Cycle Inventory (LCI) of the power plant system has been developed. The second is to determine the performance cost by using Life Cycle Costing analysis (LCC) and to compare with other types of coal-fire generating systems. As the result, environmental load and economical cost for comparative power plants are discussed from life cycle thinking point of view to indicate for the better ecological and economical coal-fired power generation system for Thailand.
LCA-NETS tool for environmental design of natural gas-fired power generation systems in Thailand
Sate Sampattagul, Seizo KATO, Tanongkiat Kiatsiriroat, Naoki Maruyama, Anugerah Widiyanto
2003
Natural gas power generating plants account for 52.5% of all of the electricity produced in Thailand. The attractiveness of small amount combustion gas emission has brought about an increase in the number of natural gas power plants. On the other hand, natural gas is not a renewable energy source. The life cycle efficiency is negative, indicating that more energy is consumed by the steam than is produced in the form of electricity. It is very important, therefore, to understand environmental influences due to electricity production from natural gas, which can be an instructive component of any plan to reduce total emissions and also resource consumption. This study has introduced LCA and LCC to three kinds of natural gas power plant systems. As a result from the LCA and LCC point of view, the environmental load and the economical cost are discussed for further ecological and economical improvement.