ผลงานตีพิมพ์ทั้งหมด

Zero-Burning Strategies for PM2.5 and GHG Mitigation: A Spatial-Temporal Assessment of Crop Residue Burning in Northern Thailand

Sate Sampattagul, Phakphum Paluang, Hisam Samae, Keng-Tung Wu, Shabbir H. Gheewala, Ratchayuda Kongboon

Land · 2026

Agricultural crop residue burning is a major driver of seasonal PM2.5 pollution and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in Northern Thailand. This study quantified GHG emissions from the open burning of rice, maize, and sugarcane residues across six provinces (Chiang Mai, Mae Hong Son, Lampang, Uttaradit, Nakhon Sawan, and Kamphaeng Phet) from 2019 to 2024 using the 2006 IPCC emission methodology. Spatiotemporal patterns of fire hotspots were characterized using MODIS and VIIRS satellite data, combined with kernel density estimation (KDE) and land-use classification in ArcGIS Pro. Total non-CO2 GHG emissions (CH4 and N2O, expressed as CO2-eq using GWP100 from IPCC AR5) over the six years totaled 2,599,551 tCO2-eq, with major rice contributing the largest share (35%), followed by sugarcane (24%), second rice (21%), and maize (20%). Nakhon Sawan was the leading emitter (41%), reflecting its extensive rice and sugarcane cultivation. Pearson correlation analysis revealed consistently positive relationships between daily fire hotspot counts and PM2.5 concentrations (r = 0.30–0.84), with the strongest correlations observed in Mae Hong Son, where basin topography traps pollutants. Time-series analysis confirmed pronounced seasonal PM2.5 peaks that exceeded Thailand’s 24-h NAAQS limit (37.5 μg/m3) by 7–9 times in severe years. Biochar production via pyrolysis was evaluated as a zero-burning alternative, with an estimated annual carbon sequestration potential of 2.3–3.5 million tCO2-eq, substantially exceeding emissions from open burning. These findings indicate that crop-residue valorization options—including biochar production, composting, and biochar co-compost—could theoretically offset agricultural GHG emissions and reduce field-burning PM2.5 emissions in Northern Thailand. However, the realized mitigation will depend on (i) verification of biochar long-term stability in tropical Thai soils through dedicated in situ trials, (ii) economic incentives that offset biochar production costs of approximately 1500–3500 THB per tonne, and (iii) integration within a policy mix that combines burning bans, mechanization support, and farmer extension services. Without these enabling conditions, biochar should be regarded as a future-perspective option rather than an immediately deployable solution.

From Local Challenges to Global Solutions Integrating Energy–Environment–Economy for Climate Resilience_MIFS2026

Sate Sampattagul, Ratchayuda Kongboon, Ekkaporn Nawapanan, Phuchiwan Suriyawong, Hisam Samae, Netchanakan Sununta, Nattapong Sangkapong, Thunchanok Thongsamer

Open MIND · 2026

Treatment costs and determinants in PM2.5-attributable respiratory diseases: evidence from Northern Thailand

Pheerasak Assavanopakun, Kannika Jarernwong, Sate Sampattagul, Jinjuta Panumasvivat

BMC Public Health · 2026

BACKGROUND: Environmental issues related to air pollution in Southeast Asia have persisted for more than a decade, especially in Thailand. This study aims to estimate the treatment costs of respiratory diseases caused by exposure to ambient PM₂.₅ and to identify the factors that influence these costs. METHODS: This retrospective study analyzed secondary data on OPD and IPD respiratory disease treatment costs from government hospitals, along with ambient PM₂.₅ data from low-cost monitoring stations, to estimate the cost of illness across 25 districts in Chiang Mai during Thailand's fiscal year 2023. Economic cost was estimated using the Cost-of-Illness method formula: Economic Cost Loss = Health Impact × Treatment Cost. K-means cluster analysis was used to classify estimated costs into minimum, medium, and maximum cost scenarios. Multiple linear regression was applied to identify significantly associated factors with treatment cost. RESULTS: Under the maximum cost scenario identified through K-means cluster analysis stratification, the total treatment cost associated with an average PM₂.₅ concentration of 42.59 µg/m³ was 460,122.58 USD, averaging 41.62 USD per case. Each 1 µg/m³ increase in PM2.5 was associated with a cost rise ranging from 403.84 to 13,159.87 USD. Non-infectious respiratory diseases incurred costs approximately two times higher than infectious ones. The estimate of maximum treatment burden for respiratory disease cases was highest in urban areas, totaling 102,878.88 USD. The urban area showed a significantly higher cost of treatment both in OPD and IPD cases (p < 0.001). Moreover, higher healthcare levels and older age were associated with higher costs in OPD cases. In IPD cases, length of hospital stay was a significant predictor. CONCLUSIONS: Ambient PM₂.₅ exposure contributes significantly to the economic burden of respiratory diseases in polluted areas. These highlight the importance of pollution control policies and healthcare resource planning in high-risk areas. TRIAL REGISTRATION: not applicable.

Beyond Forests: A Strategic Framework for Climate-Positive Development from Thailand’s Net-Negative Provinces

Sate Sampattagul, Shabbir H. Gheewala, Ratchayuda Kongboon

Sustainability · 2026

As the global climate discourse shifts from mitigation to achieving net-negative emissions, there is a critical need for replicable, real-world models of climate-positive development at a regional scale, particularly in the Global South. This study addresses this gap by conducting a detailed greenhouse gas (GHG) inventory of four diverse provinces in Thailand and analyzing the results through the newly proposed Climate-Positive Pathways Framework (CPPF). Our findings reveal that all four provinces function as significant net-negative GHG sinks. They achieve this status through three distinct archetypes: a Conservation-Dependent pathway, an Agricultural Frontier pathway, and a novel Agro-Sink pathway. Most significantly, in the Agro-Sink model, we find that in specific economic contexts, managed agricultural landscapes can surpass natural forests as the primary driver of regional carbon removal. This typology provides a new, landscape-scale paradigm for cleaner production, proposing these three archetypes as transferable, evidence-based models for regional policymakers. This underscores that effective climate action requires context-specific regional planning that strategically leverages both natural and agricultural capital.

Carbon Footprint Data Flow Process Improvement for Strawberry Jam Tube Product by Lean Techniques

Kritiya Kanjina, Sakgasem Ramingwong, Nivit Charoenchai, Jutamat Jintana, Sate Sampattagul

Sustainability · 2026

Environmental transparency in food manufacturing requires efficient carbon footprint data collection, yet multi-departmental coordination often creates time-consuming, fragmented processes that impede adoption. This study applies lean office methodologies to optimize carbon footprint assessment processes in food manufacturing. Using a case study approach at a Thai food processing facility, we implemented flow process charts, value stream mapping, eight waste analysis, and ECRS methodology to evaluate the data collection process for strawberry jam production. The baseline assessment documented 142 activities across 12 departments, requiring 17,540 min. The lean interventions included establishing a centralized cross-functional team, developing standardized data collection templates, implementing a unified digital repository system, and consolidating redundant verification procedures. The improved process reduced activities from 142 to 63, decreased the required time from 17,540 to 11,190 min (36.2% reduction), and eliminated 95.8% of non-value-added activities while maintaining regulatory compliance. These efficiency gains enable more frequent environmental assessments and facilitate the broader adoption of carbon footprint measurement within resource-constrained manufacturing contexts. The study demonstrates that lean principles effectively optimize environmental assessment processes themselves, providing a replicable framework adaptable across diverse food manufacturing facilities and product lines while addressing critical adoption barriers including resource constraints and administrative complexity.

A Blueprint for Data-Driven Climate Action: A Quantified Mitigation Pathway for Chiang Mai Using GHG Accounting and Spatial Analysis

Sate Sampattagul, Phakphum Paluang, Shabbir H. Gheewala, Ratchayuda Kongboon

Urban Science · 2025

This study develops a replicable, data-driven framework for subnational climate action, demonstrated through a case study of Chiang Mai Province, Thailand. The framework integrates a comprehensive greenhouse gas (GHG) inventory with spatial analysis to identify and quantify location-specific mitigation strategies. Using 2019 as the base year, total emissions were 5,387,482 tCO2e (BASIC+), dominated by stationary energy (40%) and transportation (32%). Under a Business-as-Usual scenario, emissions are projected to reach 6.35 million tCO2e by 2030, highlighting an urgent need for intervention. As a key mitigation strategy, this research conducts a detailed spatial analysis of solar rooftop potential. The findings reveal a significant opportunity: a conservative 30% adoption rate on suitable rooftops could generate approximately 2070 GWh of clean energy annually, leading to an emissions reduction of over 1 million tCO2e. Crucially, this single intervention could offset 16% of the province’s projected 2030 emissions. This study presents a viable pathway for subnational entities to contribute to national climate targets, offering a practical blueprint for other cities and regions globally to develop effective, evidence-based climate action plans.

Optimizing Residential Energy Usage with Smart Devices: A Case Study on Energy Efficiency and Environmental Sustainability

Nat Weerawan, Phuchiwan Suriyawong, Hisam Samae, Sate Sampattagul, Worradorn Phairuang

Sustainability · 2025

In this study, we examined the impact of an intelligent system and air conditioning control on power consumption. The experiment was carried out during five distinct time periods: (1) background room usage, (2) smart system setup, (3) air conditioning control to maintain room temperature at no more than 27 °C, (4) air conditioning temperature control during working hours, and (5) air conditioning operated continuously to maintain the room temperature at 27 °C. For each time period, the daily power consumption was evaluated, and outliers were identified and eliminated using a threshold derived from the hourly average. The findings demonstrated that the smart system setup period and air conditioning control resulted in lower usage compared to continuously operated air conditioning with substantial spikes in demand. The impacts of the novel system and air conditioning control on energy consumption were revealed through statistical analysis, which included regression models and hypothesis tests. According to this study’s findings, it is essential to regulate spikes and guarantee proper operation to reduce the carbon footprint while maintaining a comfortable atmosphere. Notably, the integration of the smart system and optimized scheduling resulted in a substantial decrease in greenhouse gas emissions, with annual carbon emissions reduced by up to 65% compared to continuously operated air conditioning without smart control. Moreover, these systems can optimize energy use.

Precision and Accuracy Analysis of PM2.5 Light-Scattering Sensor: Field and Laboratory Experiments

Hisam Samae, Phuchiwan Suriyawong, Artit Yawootti, Worradorn Phairuang, Sate Sampattagul

Atmosphere · 2025

The widely used low-cost particulate matter (PM) sensors in Thailand, such as the DustBoy, require performance improvements to ensure their data align with the established standards set by the US Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA). This study evaluates the accuracy and reliability of the DustBoy, a commonly used PM2.5 monitoring device in Thailand. A comparative analysis was conducted between the DustBoy and the US EPA’s Federal Reference Method (FRM) and Federal Equivalent Method (FEM). The research involved both laboratory and field testing, where the DustBoy’s performance was analyzed at various particulate matter concentration levels and environmental conditions. The study demonstrated that the DustBoy readings diverged from those of standard monitors at higher PM2.5 concentrations; however, a positive correlation between the devices remained evident. Below 100 µg/m3, the DustBoy overestimated PM concentrations compared to the FRM devices but underestimated them compared to the FEM devices. At higher concentrations, the DustBoy showed a significant overestimation, although the data trends aligned with those of standard devices. The sensor performance was also affected by factors such as the sensor age and device model. Corrections were developed to adjust the DustBoy readings to match the reference devices more closely, enhancing the accuracy post-adjustment. These corrections will refine the DustBoy’s public data reporting and serve as guidelines for other low-cost sensors in Thailand.

Economic Viability of Electric Bus Adoption for Public Transportation in Thailand: A Monte Carlo Simulation Approach

Sakgasem Ramingwong, Sate Sampattagul, Jutamat Jintana

Logistics · 2025

Background: Thailand is actively transitioning toward electric vehicle adoption as part of its commitment to reducing greenhouse gas emissions. This study investigates the economic feasibility of replacing diesel buses with electric buses in Thailand’s public transportation sector. Methods: The research employs a comprehensive methodological framework combining Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) analysis with Monte Carlo simulation to address uncertainties in long-term financial projections. The study examines four pilot routes operated by a major Thai bus company, incorporating potential carbon credit revenues through Thailand’s Voluntary Emission Reduction program. Results: The analysis reveals substantial cost advantages for electric buses across all examined routes, with TCO savings ranging from 23.07% to 38.25%. Even under conservative scenarios, all routes demonstrate positive economic benefits. The fleet-wide net savings amount to approximately 236 million THB over a 10-year period, with an additional 16.7 million THB potential carbon credit revenue. Sensitivity analysis identifies fuel costs as the most significant factor (45.2%) affecting economic outcomes. Conclusions: The transition to electric buses presents a compelling economic and environmental case for Thai public transportation operators, with significant cost savings and emission reductions. A phased implementation approach beginning with routes offering the highest percentage savings is recommended.

Health Impact Related to Ambient Particulate Matter Exposure as a Spatial Health Risk Map Case Study in Chiang Mai, Thailand

Kannika Jarernwong, Shabbir H. Gheewala, Sate Sampattagul

Atmosphere · 2023

Chiang Mai has been one of the most polluted cities globally, exceeding the PM2.5 quality standards for decades and facing hazardous air pollution on an annual basis. As ambient PM2.5 strongly affects human health, this study aims to investigate the hotspots of PM2.5 and health impact areas due to exposure to PM2.5 by illustrating a spatial distribution via a Chiang Mai health risk map. The association between PM2.5 concentration and human health impact were assessed using Pearson’s correlation, focused on the peak period from January to April 2021 in Chiang Mai. The primary data on PM2.5 concentration were collected using low-cost sensors. The health impact is based on the number of hospital admissions in all incidences of diseases due to PM2.5 exposure following the ICD-10. The results showed that the highest polluted and health-risk areas were located in the center of Chiang Mai, especially in the Mueang district. PM2.5 concentration was highly correlated with the incidence of dermatitis (R = 0.84), conjunctivitis (R = 0.81), stroke (R = 0.74), and lung cancer (R = 0.73). Thus, the increased PM2.5 concentration resulted in heightened hospital admissions. The results provide insightful information for policymakers and local public health organizations regarding priority areas in resource management.

Greenhouse gas emissions inventory data acquisition and analytics for low carbon cities

Ratchayuda Kongboon, Shabbir H. Gheewala, Sate Sampattagul

Journal of Cleaner Production · 2022

Green GDP Indicator with Application to Life Cycle of Sugar Industry in Thailand

Ekkaporn Nawapanan, Ratchayuda Kongboon, Sate Sampattagul

Sustainability · 2022

The objective of this study was to develop new indicators that reflect economic growth by taking into account the impact on the environment and natural resources as well. The indicator calculated by subtracting environmental cost from the “Gross Domestic Product (GDP)” and is used in the assessment of the GDP by taking into consideration the cost of natural resources and the environment, called “green GDP”. This study uses Life Cycle Assessment, which is a technique used to assess the environmental impact of sugar industry from raw materials, distribution, production, and waste management. The system boundary for the life cycle inventory are cultivation, planting, transportation and sugar production. The results of the green GDP and GDP is difference about 6–12% due to the depletion cost resulting from the use of natural resources between 9.0–9.52 $/ton of sugar production and the degradation cost caused by the airborne emission and waterborne emission between 37–57 $/ton of sugar production. The quantity of Total Suspended Particulate (TSP) generated from the sugar production process is the main causing the environmental cost about 55%. In order to solve environmental causes, the policy making as Circular Economy Strategies can be used to meet the sustainable development in the future.

Health Risk Map related to Particulate Matter Exposure in Chiang Mai, Thailand

Kannika Jarernwong, Shabbir H. Gheewala, Sate Sampattagul

DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) · 2021

Ambient Particulate Matter; PM2.5, with an aerodynamic diameter smaller than or equal to 2.5 µm, has emerged as the most critical health hazard concerning air pollution. The small size enables ambient particulate matter to go through the respiratory system, easily entering the lung or blood stream. Chiang Mai is one of the cities with the highest level of PM2.5 that exceeds the standard level of PM2.5 concentration (10µg/m3, recommended by the World Health Organization). High concentration levels have severe consequences for the health of the population in Chiang Mai. The objective of this study is to estimate the risk area of health impact due to exposure to PM2.5 in Chiang Mai. This study illustrates the data of PM2.5 concentration gathered from ground-based monitoring sites named DustBoy and data of hospital admissions from the Chiang Mai Provincial Public Health to reveal the population exposure related to human health effects such as heart diseases, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, lung cancer, cardiovascular disease. In addition, correlation coefficient is employed to estimate the relationship between population exposure to the high ambient PM2.5 and the health effect due to PM2.5 pollution. The results are presented in the Chiang Mai Risk Map as a spatial pattern of population exposure using the spatial distribution method. These results support the high correlation between population exposure to PM2.5 and health impact and strongly suggest priority areas to prevent and control air pollution and social equality in health.

Assessing environmentally sustainable practices of smallholder highland farmers: a case study of maize production in Northern Thailand

Sarunnoud Phuphisith, Shabbir H. Gheewala, Sate Sampattagul

Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy · 2021

Empowering a Sustainable City Using Self-Assessment of Environmental Performance on EcoCitOpia Platform

Ratchayuda Kongboon, Shabbir H. Gheewala, Sate Sampattagul

Sustainability · 2021

In Thailand, many municipalities lack the information to guide decision-making for improving environmental performance. They need tools to systematize the collection and analysis of data, and then to self-assess environmental performance to increase efficiency in environmental management toward a sustainable city. The aim of this study is to develop a platform for self-assessment of an environmental performance index. Nonthaburi municipality, Hat Yai municipality, and Yasothon municipality were selected to study the work context for six indicators, viz., energy, greenhouse gas, water, air, waste, and green area, which were important environmental problems. The development of an online system called “EcoCitOpia” divides municipality assessment into four parts: data collection, database creation, data analysis, and data display. The municipality can use the system for the assessment of environmental performance and the creation of a separate database based on indicators. The system can analyze the results and display them in the form of radar graphs, line graphs, and tables for use in public communication that will lead to cooperation in solving environmental problems at the policy level for urban development to meet the Sustainable Development Goals.

Author Correction: Life cycle assessment of maize cultivation and biomass utilization in northern Thailand

Titaporn Supasri, Norihiro Itsubo, Shabbir H. Gheewala, Sate Sampattagul

Scientific Reports · 2021

In the original version of this Article errors were made during the conversion from rai to hectares. As a result, in the Introduction, "In 2017, the maize harvested area in Thailand was 41 million hectares, which increased from year 2016 by 1.26%. " now reads: "In 2017, the maize production in Thailand was 41 million tonnes, which increased from year 2016 by 1.26%. "

Used vegetable oil – upgraded biodiesel carbon footprint appraisal based on electrical power and LPG compared

Pichamon Inthiyot, Nivit Charoenchai, Sate Sampattagul

International Journal of Smart Grid and Clean Energy · 2020

Carbon footprint adaptation on green supply chain and logistics of papaya in Yasothon Province using geographic information system

Kunlatida Yachai, Ratchayuda Kongboon, Shabbir H. Gheewala, Sate Sampattagul

Journal of Cleaner Production · 2020

Assessment of Carbon Footprint of Upland Rice Production in Northern Thailand

Palika Champrasert, Sate Sampattagul, Sanwasan Yodkhum, Prasit Wangpakapattanawong

Chiang Mai University Journal of Natural Sciences · 2020

for the Lawa, it was shown the GHG absorption was 16.79 ton CO2-eq/ha. GHG emissions in the upland brown rice cultivation in the two tribes were 0.26 ton CO2-eq/ha (0.13 kg CO2-eq/kg unmilled rice) in the Karen and 0.37 ton CO2eq/ha (0.19 kg CO2-eq/kg unmilled rice) in the Lawa. The tree cutting and slashing and biomass burning in the land preparation and chemical fertilizer production in cultivation produced the highest GHG emission from the upland rice production in the tradition slash-and-burn agriculture. However, this system was a carbon sink than a carbon source of about 233.61-257.70 ton CO2eq/ha.

Life cycle assessment of maize cultivation and biomass utilization in northern Thailand

Titaporn Supasri, Norihiro Itsubo, Shabbir H. Gheewala, Sate Sampattagul

Scientific Reports · 2020

Maize, a major food source for the world, is a high-yield commodity crop, and one of five major crops in Thailand. Occupying about 33% of the Thai upland farmlands, maize farming has been growing tremendously especially in northern Thailand. However, after harvesting, open burning is widely used in order to get rid of maize cobs and husks in land preparation for the next period. The current maize farming practices have caused several problems to local communities as well as urban dwellers. The objectives of this research were: (i) to analyze the life cycle inventory of maize cultivation, maize cob pellet production and heavy fuel oil production in northern Thailand using IDEA v2.0 and ecoinvent v3.0 databases; (ii) to evaluate environmental impacts of maize cultivation, maize cob pellet production and heavy fuel oil production using A Global Scale Environmental Life Cycle Impact Assessment (LIME-3) with the results of weighting (Country-specific) based on monetary valuation of end-points. This study evaluated the life cycle environmental impacts of maize cultivation and continuing through biomass energy production from maize cob by comparing with heat production from heavy fuel oil in Mae Chaem and Chiang Dao districts in the north of Thailand by using two different databases, IDEA v2.0 and ecoinvent v3.0 with an endpoint-based life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) method (LIME-3). The system boundary of this study includes land preparation, planting, weeding, farming, harvesting, maize cob pellet production and heat production from maize cob pellet and heavy fuel oil. The units of analysis in this study are 1 kg of maize grain, 3.76E-03 MJ of biomass energy production from maize cob and 3.76E-03 MJ of heat production from heavy fuel oil, respectively. The data were obtained from field survey supplemented with the Thai National Life Cycle Inventory Database and other scientific publications. The results included the environmental impacts of maize cultivation and continuing through biomass energy production from maize cob by comparing with heat production from heavy fuel oil in Mae Chaem and Chiang Dao districts by using two different databases with LCIA method on the endpoint approaches (LIME-3). The total damage cost based on IDEA v2.0 life cycle inventory (LCI) database in Mae Chaem and Chiang Dao districts was about 4.64E-01 USD and 4.89E-01 USD, respectively. As regards ecoinvent v3.0 database, the total damage cost in Mae Chaem and Chiang Dao districts was about 5.37E-01USD and 5.99E-01 USD, respectively. It can be seen that the total damage cost using different inventory databases in Chiang Dao are slightly higher than Mae Chaem due to different input materials. The result of total cost using inventory data from ecoinvent v3.0 is slightly higher than IDEA v2.0 due to different inventory processes in each database. However, the results in this study demonstrated that the databases show similar trends in the assessment results. On the other hand, certain numerical differences between the databases at some points were found to be more substantial. The results of present study are particularly relevant to policy choices for improving or using the good practices for maize cultivation, which would reduce the environmental performance of maize production systems in the area. To address the air pollution issue from biomass open burning of agricultural residues in the study area, the government agencies in Thailand should be responsible for promoting better biomass management for the future.

Crushed Rock Geopolymer as a Future Road Construction Material: An Evaluation on Strength Performance and Compaction Characteristics

Sararat Kwunjai, Peerapong Jitsangiam, Teewara Suwan, Damrongsak Rinchumphu, Hemwadee Thongchua, Prinya Chindaprasirt, Sate Sampattagul

Key engineering materials · 2020

To be more sustainable in the road construction industry, the rock-based geopolymer concept should be applied with an aim to create a geopolymer-based road structural layer. The research program studied on the geopolymer for road construction was newly established at Chiang Mai University, Thailand. This study concentrated in a preliminarily evaluation of strength performance and compaction characteristics of crushed rock-based geopolymer (CR-GP) to partially or totally replace the usage of ordinary Portland cement (OPC) as a road stabilizing agent. The standard crushed rock (CR), complying with the standard of road base materials, was obtained from a real construction field. The experiment on CR gradation, compaction and compressive strength were carried out. The results showed that CR of a finer grading curve with higher surface areas tended to better react with alkaline activators, resulting in relatively high compressive strength. The mechanical modification with compaction is one of the simplest methods for strength improvement. It found that higher compactive efforts (the modified compaction), higher densification than that of the standard compaction, corresponding to the compaction theory of soil mechanics. CR-GP having an ideal (reconstituted) grading curve achieved higher compressive strength than that of the standard grading one of a well-graded pattern. Overall, it could be concluded CR-GP has intrinsic compaction characteristics of which at its optimum point of compaction, CR-GP could address the minimum requirement for road standard in terms of compressive strength, by which it could be used as an alternative material in replacing the consumption of OPC.

GHG evaluation and mitigation planning for low carbon city case study: Dan Sai Municipality

Netchanakan Sununta, Ratchayuda Kongboon, Sate Sampattagul

Journal of Cleaner Production · 2019

Life Cycle-GHG emissions of molasses-based Ethanol in Thailand based on Input-output model

Eakkaporn Nawapanan, Shabbir H. Gheewala, Sate Sampattagul

Transylvanian Review · 2018

The severely of environmental impact issue of world is global warming can lead to seriously climate change, natural resources or emerging disease. Energy industry sector is associated with emissions of global warming due to the world’s overall energy consumption is increasing dramatically, the alternative fuel from plants has been promoted to substitute fossil fuel. Thailand’s agricultural products can be processed into ethanol to produce an alternative energy especially sugarcane and molasses. Therefore, when we consider with powerful of life cycle assessment (LCA) to evaluate the environmental whole life cycle process. It can be applied with the input-output analysis in term of a physical unit, we call physical input-output model to evaluate environmental impacts. Thus, the aim of this study is to create the physical input-output model in order to evaluate the life cycle GHG emissions of molasses-based ethanol in Thailand. Following the concept, the total GHG emissions by ethanol production including direct and indirect emissions, amounted to 420 MtonCO 2 -eq/yr. More than 70 % of GHG emissions arise from ethanol production. Meanwhile, the emissions intensities of life cycle GHG emissions are 0.66 kg CO 2 -eq/Liter of ethanol, was from cultivation; 0.15 kg CO 2 -eq/Liter of ethanol, sugar production; 0.04 kg CO 2 -eq/Liter of ethanol and ethanol production 0.47 kg CO 2 -eq/Liter of ethanol. From the finding of this study, it is extended to continue study to evaluate in other green indicators such as environmentally adjust indicator and possible reduction strategies of the ethanol industry with green value added or green GDP in the future.

Comparison of Coal-fired and Natural Gasfired Power Plants as Economically Viable and Ecologically Sustainable Power Generation Systems

Sate Sampattagul, Seizo Kato, Tanongkiat Kiatsiriroat, Naoki Maruyama, Akira Nishimura

energyo · 2018

To achieve a sustainable power generation industry it is necessary to study the environmental impacts and economic costs of all aspects of a power generation plants’ lifecycle - from mining to electricity distribution, and, ultimately, decommission (from cradle to grave). One key component in improving and maintaining quality of life for consumers is the application of the Green Productivity Index (GPI) in order to evaluate the related factors of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and Life Cycle Costing (LCC). The goal of this research is to appraise the efficacy of decision-making tools in accurately assessing the potential results of ‘green’ improvements to coal-fired and natural gas-fired power plants in both ecological and economic terms. The recently developed Numerical Eco-load Total Standardization (LCA-NETS) evaluates environmental impacts by identifying and quantifying input energy and output waste released to the environment throughout the life cycle of a power plant. Environmental impacts caused by global and regional environmental issues are numerically calculated in the units of NETS. Environmental assessment tools such as LCA, LCC and GPI can be used to improve the ‘environmental friendliness’ of electricity generation by demonstrating the future sustainability of ‘green’ power generation plants and their contribution to the quality of life of consumer.

Multi-criteria optimization for a biomass gasification-integrated combined cooling, heating, and power system based on life-cycle assessment

C.Y. Li, Jingyi Wu, C. Chavasint, Sate Sampattagul, Tanongkiat Kiatsiriroat, R.Z. Wang

Energy Conversion and Management · 2018

Energy and environmental impact analysis of rice cultivation and straw management in northern Thailand

Sanwasan Yodkhum, Sate Sampattagul, Shabbir H. Gheewala

Environmental Science and Pollution Research · 2018

City Carbon Footprint Evaluation and Forecasting Case Study: Dan Sai Municipality

Netchanakan Sununta, Surat Sedpho, Sate Sampattagul

DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) · 2018

In this research, City Carbon Footprint (CCF) of Dan Sai municipality was evaluated according to the Global Protocol for Community-scale Greenhouse Gas Emission Inventories (GPC) guideline. Related activity data in 2015 were collected and analyzed which presented into 3 scopes (Scope1, 2, 3). As the results, the total CCF of Dan Sai Municipality is 8,528.04 tCO2eq which contributed from scope 1, scope 2 and scope 3 of 5,524 tCO2eq, 2,164 tCO2eq, 1,140 tCO2eq, respectively. Fossil fuel combustion from industrial sub-sector in scope 1 showed the greatest contribution of 40% of the total, followed by electricity consumption in scope 2, solid waste treatment in scope 1 accounting for 25% and 13%, respectively. The data of CCF in 2015 was used as baseline (Business as Usual: BAU) in order to predict city emissions in 2030 using mathematical forecasting model. The result indicated that CCF of Dan Sai can be reach up to 11,662.39 t CO2eq (27%). Consequently, applying mitigation options to reduce the emission for Dan Sai has been proposed. It was found that implementation of reduction projects including installation of solar rooftop, composting organic waste, producing RDF from waste and convert waste to energy by using RDF hybrid ORC could reduce CCF accounting for 20%, 0.53%, 1% and 3%, respectively. This study can provide benefits and offer better solutions for maximizing the potential of low carbon city and minimizing the climate change problem issues for municipality in the near future.

Field evaluation of an electrostatic PM2.5 mass monitor

Panich Intra, Artit Yawootti, Sate Sampattagul

DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) · 2018

An electrostatic PM2.5 mass monitor (EPMM) used for wireless continuous airborne particulate matter monitoring was developed and field evaluated in our previous work. Developed electrostatic PM2.5 mass monitor was consisted of a 2.5 impactor, a particle charger, a Faraday cup electrometer, a flow system, a high voltage power supply, and data acquisition, processing, and wireless monitor system. The monitoring data of the EPMM was connected to the internet through a GSM connection to a public cellular network. In this study, the EPMM performance was simultaneously evaluated and compared with a commercially available Thermo Scientific Model 5014i Beta Continuous Particulate Monitor for PM2.5 measurements at ambient conditions. The monitoring station was located in Yupparaj Wittayalai School, Si Phum, Mueang, Chiang Mai, Thailand, during October 15 to November 5, 2015. The two different instruments showed good results that were highly correlated. It was found that the comparison between the EPMM and the Thermo Scientific Model 5014i Beta data values were R2 of 0.8230 and 0.9811, and a slope of 1.0231 and 0.8802 for 1-hour and 24-hours, respectively. Particularly, it was showed that the EPMM proved its advantages in measuring and detecting PM2.5 particulate air pollution for mass concentrations in the range from 0 to 500 µg/m3 and with greater than 500 hours of operation.

Life cycle GHG evaluation of organic rice production in northern Thailand

Sanwasan Yodkhum, Shabbir H. Gheewala, Sate Sampattagul

Journal of Environmental Management · 2017

Life cycle greenhouse gas evaluation of organic rankine cycle using refuse-derived fuel from municipal solid waste

Netchanakan Sununta, Surat Sedpho, Shabbir H. Gheewala, Sate Sampattagul

Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy · 2017

In Thailand, the rise in population and economic growth have caused waste generation to increase rapidly, leading to increases in greenhouse gases (GHGs) being released to the atmosphere from waste landfills. Application of waste-to-energy technology to produce electricity can reduce waste accumulation in landfills in addition to lessening the GHG emissions. This study aimed to evaluate life cycle GHG emissions from application of organic Rankine cycle (ORC) as waste-to-energy technology using refuse-derived fuel (RDF), which is produced from municipal solid waste, according to the life cycle assessment approach. The functional unit is defined as 1 kWh. The results indicate that the GHG emissions of 1 kWh of power generated from a RDF hybrid with an ORC power generation system are mostly contributed from RDF combustion in the operation stage, which accounts for 77% of the total. The RDF hybrid ORC shows fewer GHG emissions than the existing combustion-based power generation in Thailand, except for natural gas with the combined-cycle technology. The RDF hybrid ORC power generation can reduce 51.47% of GHG emissions when compared with an open dump, and 34.31% when compared with a landfill. The RDF hybrid ORC was also demonstrated as an environmentally friendly system that can be considered as a source of power generation in power planning in the future.

Comparison of electrostatic charge and beta attenuation mass monitors for continuous airborne PM10 monitoring under field conditions

Panich Intra, Artit Yawootti, Sate Sampattagul

Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering · 2016

Conventional and exergetic life cycle assessment of organic rankine cycle implementation to municipal waste management: the case study of Mae Hong Son (Thailand)

Surat Sedpho, Sate Sampattagul, Nattaporn Chaiyat, Shabbir H. Gheewala

The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment · 2016

Exergetic Evaluation of Renewability for Renewable Electricity Generation in Thailand

Surat Sedpho, Sate Sampattagul

NRCT Data Center · 2015

In 2021, the target of renewable energy production of Thailand is 25%. Therefore the installation of renewable power generation systems has been increasing. In order to promote the sustainable development of renewable power generation, the environmental impacts of the system have to be considered. In this paper, the environmental sustainability of solar and wind power generation were evaluated by using life cycle assessment (LCA) framework together with exergy concept as exergy-based indicator, exergetic efficiency and renewability, throughout the life cycle from procurement of materials as well as transportation to the power generation system. According to the results, renewable power generation systems consume the greatest amount of exergy in the construction phase, wind power generation was considered as a sustainable system. Wind power generation is also more easily renewable than solar power generation.

Field evaluation of an electrostatic PM10 mass monitor used for continuous ambient particulate air pollution measurements

Artit Yawootti, Panich Intra, Nakorn Tippayawong, Sate Sampattagul

Journal of Electrostatics · 2015

The NPP and Social Asset Impacts of Acidification from Coal-fired Power Plant in Thailand

Chantima Rewlay-ngoen, Seksan Papong, Sate Sampattagul

Energy Procedia · 2014

Since 1978, coal has played an important role in power generation systems in Thailand, and in 2013 it accounts for 19% of the total electricity production of the whole country. However, coal-fired power plants are by far the biggest sources of sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ) emitted into the atmosphere, which contributes to the formation of acidification and directly affects terrestrial ecosystems and materials. In addition, when the acid level (pH) of rainfall reduces, it changes the soil's physical and chemical characteristics and affects the growth rate of the plants. On the other hand, acidity rainfall on buildings causes metal and stone damage and destruction. Therefore, the understanding of the environmental impacts of electricity generation from coal is needed. It can lead to the development of acidification reduction plans and policies. Life Cycle Impact Assessment (LCIA) is one of the useful tools for evaluating the environmental burden of processes by accounting for the inflow and outflow of materials and energy as well as the waste released into environment. Thus, the main objective of this study was to analyses the acidification damage factor from coal-fired power plants using Life-cycle Impact assessment Model based on Endpoint modelling (LIME). As the results, the endpoint effects of acidification indicated that it will definitely and seriously destroy the growth rate of plants and be able to show this in terms of the value of Net Primary Production (NPP) and damage to the building can be shown via the maintenance social assets cost (Baht). Moreover, the results will help us to minimize the acidification damage costs from coal-fired power plants to be more environmentally friendly.

ENDPOINT DAMAGE OF COAL-FIRED POWER PLANT IN THAILAND

Chantima Rewlay-ngoen, Sate Sampattagul

2013

The aim of this research is therefore to adjust the life cycle impact assessment method so that it becomes suitable for Thailand, within the context of characterization, damage, and weighting factors. The results show that the coefficient of those factors. Additionally, this study was conducted to analyze the acidification damage factors—the damage arises from coal-fired power plant—using the coefficients of those factors. Finally, the results of this study will help us to minimize the damage costs from the coal-fired power plant in order that they become more environmentally friendly.

Life Cycle Impact Modeling of Global Warming on Net Primary Production : A Case Study of Biodiesel in Thailand

Chantima Rewlay-ngoen, Seksan Papong, Pornpote Piumsomboon, Pomthong Malakul, Sate Sampattagul

Environment and Natural Resources Journal · 2013

Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is an effective tool for evaluating the potential environmental impact associated with all stages of a product's life cycle. Currently, a number of Life Cycle Impact Assessment (LCIA) methodologies have been developed. These methods are based on an ad hoc approach adopted by different countries and regional conditions, which make the results difficult to compare. In Thailand, the methodological choices and framework to assess environmental impacts in LCA are still under development. Because the actual amount of environmental damage differs depending on environmental variables such as climate and population density, there is a need to develop the LCIA method for use in Thailand. The aim of this research is therefore to develop LCIA method that is suitable for Thailand, within the context of global warming. The results show that the midpoint approach have been similar with any LCIA method, while the endpoint approach considered two factors are for the world and in Thailand. Based on endpoint approach, the net primary productivity (NPP) damage factor the World and Thailand from all 63 greenhouse gas emissions are 8.78 x 10 5 and 2.72 x 10 -2 kg/kg, respectively. Further development will be developed other the effects of global warming on human health and social assets with the sensitivity analysis and other impact categories which the important environmental problems in Thailand.

Water Footprint of Bioethanol Production from Sugarcane in Thailand

Ratchayuda Kongboon, Sate Sampattagul

Journal of environment and earth science · 2012

Following Thailand’s policy framework on bioenergy as stipulated in the Alternative Energy Development Plan (AEDP), ethanol use is encouraged and thereby results in increasing cultivation of sugarcane and other ethanol plants. Inadvertently, the use of scarce water resources has increased in tandem. This research aims to assess water footprint (WF) of sugarcane-based bioethanol production in Thailand. The study consists of into two parts, i.e., cultivation and ethanol production processes. The study result shows WF of sugarcane of 226 m 3 /ton, which consists of green WF of 146 m 3 /ton, blue WF of 31 m 3 /ton, and grey WF of 49 m 3 /ton. Based on the AEDP ethanol production targets of 3, 6.2 and 9 million m 3 /day by 2011, 2016, and 2022, demand of water is thus anticipated at 18,041; 37,787 and 54,853 million m 3 /year, respectively. The promotion of ethanol use in such an agricultural country as Thailand is definitely poised to cause the competition for water resources in plant growing for human consumption and energy production. The results of this study can be applied to drawing up the future policy on water and to producing bioethanol in the manner that is the most efficient use of water resources. Keywords: Water footprint, sugarcane, Bioethanol, water resource, Thailand

Life Cycle Evaluation of Frozen Okra by Using Parameter Screening Method

Sate Sampattagul, Supalak Palee, Chunya Kantawongwan

Environment and Natural Resources Journal · 2012

Different methodologies of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) have been developed all over the world, however, the full implementation of LCA for SMEs is difficult due to its complexity, time consumption and the high cost. These problems were partly solved by using the experience in the development of a “Streamlined LCA” for SMEs. A parameter screening method was applied in the case study of frozen okra which is just one of the highly exported agricultural products of Thailand. The life cycle environmental impacts of this product were evaluated using a method called “Environmentally Responsible Product Assessment (ERPA)”. The objective of this research was to identify and quantify the environmental impacts of frozen okra from plantation, manufacturing, transportation, consumption and disposal. The environmental impact can be classified into 5 environmental stressors, which are material procurement, energy consumption, solid waste, wastewater and air  pollution. The environmental impact was assessed by rating the collection at the highest impact level for each parameter, such as fertilizers, chemical use, heavy oil use, and direct emissions from energy consumption. All of the rating values were calculated based on the panel weighing method. Finally, the environmental stressors of the whole life cycle stage were shown in the form of target plots with a 25-element matrix. The overall rating (RERP) was 55.93, and coolant (ammonia and R-22) and energy consumption in the manufacturing stage are regarded as hot-spots. In addition, greenhouse gases from the manufacturing and transportation stages are critical parameters that need to be reduced to increase the environmental friendliness of production.

The water footprint of sugarcane and cassava in northern Thailand

Rattikarn Kongboon, Sate Sampattagul

Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences · 2012

This study assesses the water footprint (WF) of sugarcane and cassava in northern Thailand. The WF is an indicator that expresses the amount of freshwater embodied in each ton of crop produce. It varies considerably for each region, which is characterized by different climate and agricultural production systems. On average the WF of sugarcane (202 m3/ton) is less than that of cassava (509 m3/ton). At the provincial level, the WF of sugarcane is most intensive in Lampang (252 m3/ton) and less intensive in Kamphaeng Phet (167 m3/ton). Uthai Thani is the province where the WF of cassava is the highest (547 m3/ton), while Kamphaeng Phet has the lowest WF. If Thailand were to move toworads a low carbon society by switching from fossil fuel to bioenergy the effect on the volume of water usage in agricultural production is likely to increase. Therefore, the main problem facing Thailand will be water scarcity if water resource is not managed properly, this study showed the importance of water management for sustainable – bioenergy production and the competition for water resource between “water for food” or “water for energy”

2012 International Conference in Asia Pacific Business Innovation and Technology Management The water footprint of sugarcane and cassava in northern Thailand

Rattikarn Kongboon, Sate Sampattagul

2012

This study assesses the water footprint (WF) of sugarcane and cassava in northern Thailand. The WF is an indicator that expresses the amount of freshwater embodied in each ton of crop produce. It varies considerably for each region, which is characterized by different climate and agricultural production systems. On average the WF of sugarcane (202 m 3 /ton) is less than that of cassava (509 m 3 /ton). At the provincial level, the WF of sugarcane is most intensive in Lampang (252 m 3 /ton) and less intensive in Kamphaeng Phet (167 m 3 /ton). Uthai Thani is the province where the WF of cassava is the highest (547 m 3 /ton), while Kamphaeng Phet has the lowest WF. If Thailand were to move toworads a low carbon society by switching from fossil fuel to bioenergy the effect on the volume of water usage in agricultural production is likely to increase. Therefore, the main problem facing Thailand will be water scarcity if water resource is not managed properly, this study showed the importance of water management for sustainable – bioenergy production and the competition for water resource between “water for food” or “water for energy”

Life cycle assessment of palm oil biodiesel production in Thailand

Sate Sampattagul, Pranee Nutongkaew, Tanongkiat Kiatsiriroat

IIRE International Journal of Renewable Energy · 2011

During translation elongation, the ribosome ratchets along its mRNA template, incorporating each new amino acid and translocating from one codon to the next. The elongation cycle requires dramatic structural rearrangements of the ribosome. We show here that deep sequencing of ribosome-protected mRNA fragments reveals not only the position of each ribosome but also, unexpectedly, its particular stage of the elongation cycle. Sequencing reveals two distinct populations of ribosome footprints, 28-30 nucleotides and 20-22 nucleotides long, representing translating ribosomes in distinct states, differentially stabilized by specific elongation inhibitors. We find that the balance of small and large footprints varies by codon and is correlated with translation speed. The ability to visualize conformational changes in the ribosome during elongation, at single-codon resolution, provides a new way to study the detailed kinetics of translation and a new probe with which to identify the factors that affect each step in the elongation cycle.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.01257.001.

LCA/LCC of Jatropha Biodiesel Production in Thailand

Sate Sampattagul, Chonticha Suttibut, Tanongkiat Kiatsiriroat

NRCT Data Center · 2009

The market price of oil has increased tremendously over the last decade. One of the major influences has been the higher demand for energy consumption in developing countries. Thailand imports a huge amount of oil each year, mainly for the industrial and transportation sectors. Statistics indicate that the selling price of diesel in Thailand increased from 0.24 Euros per liter in 2000 to 0.56 Euros/L in 2006. This problem directly and suddenly affected all sectors which rely on this fuel. In order to relieve this crisis, the government tried to promote the development of biodiesel, which has the same function as diesel fuel but is less expensive. However, there are many kinds of biodiesel fuels: such as biodiesel from used cooking oil, from plants, or from animal grease. Some of these have similar properties to petroleum-based diesel, but may require extensive improvement processes. Jatropha shows great potential as an oil-producing plant source in Thailand. Nevertheless, from the life cycle aspect, to generate biodiesel from Jatropha oil, materials and energy must be consumed and emissions and wastes will be released into the environment. Therefore, it is necessary to quantify and verify the energy efficiency and the environmental impacts of Jatropha biodiesel production from the life cycle point of view. Thus, the objectives of this paper are to develop the life cycle inventory database of Jatropha biodiesel and to analyze the environmental impacts by using the concept of life cycle thinking. It is clearly shown that the cultivation process of Jatropha contributes the highest environmental impacts, compared to other stages in the life cycle, due ineffective cultivation management. Suggested improvements to the Jatropha life cycle are introduced to maximize the benefits of using Jatropha biodiesel and minimize the environmental impacts, in order to help ensure future sustainable utilization.

Life cycle impact analysis and development of NETS-GPI for electricity generation systems in Thailand

Sate Sampattagul

Medical Entomology and Zoology · 2005

206 An Approach Integrating Life Cycle Assessment and Costing Model for Eco-Industrial Product

Y. D. Izu, Naoki Maruyama, Yucho Sadamichi, Seizo KATO, Sate Sampattagul, Akira Nishimura, Ryuma ITO, Yukio Kimura, Masaki Nakamura

The Proceedings of the Symposium on Environmental Engineering · 2005

Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) becomes a more critical tool for ECP (Environmentally Conscious Products) designing. At the same time, Life Cycle Costing (LCC) and Environmental Accounting (Eco-Accounting) are becoming a necessary tool to make decision of WTP (willingness to pay) for avoiding certain environmental impacts. This paper proposes a conversion scheme of the environmental load reduction expressed in physical units due to countermeasures into money units based on the CO_2 emission dealing right price, which is able to be evaluated by the CO_2 equivalent NETS values. Additionally, several criteria for the environmental costs performance are proposed with case studies.

Comparison of Coal-fired and Natural Gas-fired Power Plants as Economically Viable and Ecologically Sustainable Power Generation Systems

Sate Sampattagul, Seizo KATO, Tanongkiat Kiatsiriroat, Naoki Maruyama, Akira Nishimura

International Journal of Emerging Electric Power Systems · 2005

To achieve a sustainable power generation industry it is necessary to study the environmental impacts and economic costs of all aspects of a power generation plants’ lifecycle - from mining to electricity distribution, and, ultimately, decommission (from cradle to grave). One key component in improving and maintaining quality of life for consumers is the application of the Green Productivity Index (GPI) in order to evaluate the related factors of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and Life Cycle Costing (LCC). The goal of this research is to appraise the efficacy of decision-making tools in accurately assessing the potential results of ‘green’ improvements to coal-fired and natural gas-fired power plants in both ecological and economic terms. The recently developed Numerical Eco-load Total Standardization (LCA-NETS) evaluates environmental impacts by identifying and quantifying input energy and output waste released to the environment throughout the life cycle of a power plant. Environmental impacts caused by global and regional environmental issues are numerically calculated in the units of NETS. Environmental assessment tools such as LCA, LCC and GPI can be used to improve the ‘environmental friendliness’ of electricity generation by demonstrating the future sustainability of ‘green’ power generation plants and their contribution to the quality of life of consumer.

Life cycle considerations of the flue gas desulphurization system at a lignite-fired power plant in Thailand

Sate Sampattagul, Seizo KATO, Tanongkiat Kiatsiriroat, Anugerah Widiyanto

The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment · 2004

Environmental impacts evaluation of electricity grid mix systems in four selected countries using a life cycle assessment point of view

Anugerah Widiyanto, Seizo KATO, Naoki Maruyama, Akira Nishimura, Sate Sampattagul

2003

The life cycle inventory (LCI) data of electric power generation plays a vital role on LCIs of industrial products. However, there are no formal life cycle assessment (LCA) studies in Indonesia so far due to limited of LCA expertise and lack of sufficient databases relevant to domestic conditions. Therefore, the aim of this study is, firstly, to introduce a life cycle assessment (LCA) method for Indonesian electric power generation systems, secondly, to establish LCI data for electricity grid mix of Indonesia compared with three selected countries, Japan, Thailand and China and, finally, to analyze and to investigate the environmental burdens for these four selected countries from a life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) point of view using the proposed LCA-NETS (Numerical Eco-load Total Standard) method. The resulting LCA evaluations are discussed for further ecological improvement.

LCA/LCC of Mae Moh Coal-fired Power Plant in Thailand

Seizo KATO, Sate Sampattagul, Tanongkiat Kiatsiriroat, Naoki Maruyama, Anugerah Widiyanto, Akira Nishimura

The Proceedings of the Symposium on Environmental Engineering · 2003

Mae Moh Coal-Fired Power Plant in Thailand has held the second share of utility power generation in Thailand, approximately 22.7% of all utility-produced electricity (EGAT, 2000). However, there are plenty of environmental arguments of this only one power plant that using coal energy for generating electricity. Therefore, understanding the environmental impacts of the power plant system is necessary in order to find possible and suitable ways for waste reduction and system improvement. The aim of the study is first to apply Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) with Numerical Eco-Load Total Standardization (NETS), which used for evaluating the environmental burdens by identifying and quantifying energy and materials used and waste released to environment based on the balance of L & R (Loader and Receiver) tolerance. And the Life Cycle Inventory (LCI) of the power plant system has been developed. The second is to determine the performance cost by using Life Cycle Costing analysis (LCC) and to compare with other types of coal-fire generating systems. As the result, environmental load and economical cost for comparative power plants are discussed from life cycle thinking point of view to indicate for the better ecological and economical coal-fired power generation system for Thailand.

LCA-NETS tool for environmental design of natural gas-fired power generation systems in Thailand

Sate Sampattagul, Seizo KATO, Tanongkiat Kiatsiriroat, Naoki Maruyama, Anugerah Widiyanto

2003

Natural gas power generating plants account for 52.5% of all of the electricity produced in Thailand. The attractiveness of small amount combustion gas emission has brought about an increase in the number of natural gas power plants. On the other hand, natural gas is not a renewable energy source. The life cycle efficiency is negative, indicating that more energy is consumed by the steam than is produced in the form of electricity. It is very important, therefore, to understand environmental influences due to electricity production from natural gas, which can be an instructive component of any plan to reduce total emissions and also resource consumption. This study has introduced LCA and LCC to three kinds of natural gas power plant systems. As a result from the LCA and LCC point of view, the environmental load and the economical cost are discussed for further ecological and economical improvement.