Introduction to LCA, interests and opportunities for the rubber supply chain
Cécile Bessou, Thierry Tran, Régis Lacote, Rattanawan Mungkung
Agritrop (Cirad) · 2012
International audience
กลับไปโปรไฟล์ผู้เชี่ยวชาญ
An Analysis of Thai Shrimp Farms' Compliance to the GLOBALG.A.P. Standard
Thitiwat Leepaisomboon, Rattanawan Mungkung, Niti Chuchird, C. Limsuwan
Kasetsart University Fishery Research Bulletin · 2011
This study evaluated the current compliance of Thai shrimp farms to the GLOBALG.A.P. standard (The Global Partnership for Good Agriculture Practices) to identify practical corrective actions and their technical implications. Eighteen shrimp farms in Thailand, representing small/medium, single/group, and inland/coastal farms, were audited against the GLOBALG.A.P. criteria. The results indicated that the farms complied with only half of the criteria, with no significant differences associated with farm size. The level of compliance in the aquaculture base (AB) module (43-63%) was highest, followed by the shrimp species (SP) module (44-56%), the social (SC) module (40-65%), and the all farm (AF) module (17-44%). The major noncompliance areas were in the AF and AB modules. Noncompliance areas in the AF module were related to identifying environmental, risk, safety, health, and hygiene factors with regard to developing plans and procedures (including the emergency/accident plan and procedure) and implementing internal self-assessment and corrective actions. The most critical areas in the AB module were customer complaints and the recall procedure. The key adaptation strategies were developing farm management systems and document control for good practices and implementing activities to educate farmers and associated stakeholders about principles and practices of the GLOBALG.A.P. standard. The introduction of GLOBALG.A.P. standard will help improve product reputation. However, other issues need to be taken into accoun i.e. market demand and price premium to farmers, introduction of contract farming, and the availability of local auditors and certification procedure.
Environmental assessment of Filipino fish/prawn polyculture using Life Cycle Assessment
Aurèle Baruthio, Joël Aubin, Rattanawan Mungkung, Jérôme Lazard, Hayo van Der Werf
2009
Sustaining ethical trade in farmed aquatic products between Asia and the EU
David C. Little, Francis J. Murray, Trevor C. Telfer, James A. Young, Liñdsay G. Ross, Barry Hill, A. Dalsgard, Paula van den Brink, Jeroen B. Guinée, René Kleijn, Rattanawan Mungkung, Yi Yang, J. Min, L. Liping, L. Huanan, L. Yuan, Y. Derun, Nguyễn Thành Phương, Trần Ngọc Hải, Pham Than Liem, Vũ Ngọc Út, Vu Thanh Tùng, Ta Van Viet, K. Satapornvanit, Tipparat Pongthanapanich, Mohd Helmy Abd Wahab, A.K.M. Nowsad Alam, Mohammad Mahfujul Haque, Mohammad Abdus Salam, Flavio Corsin
2009
Trade in aquatic products is the largest global food sector, by value, with Asia representing the main external source of aquatic products into the EU. Current EU policy supporting international trade between Asia and Europe concentrates on issues of food safety as measures of quality, whilst marketforces drive development of standards and labels that identify social and environmental parameters. The SEAT (Sustaining Ethical Aquatic Trade) project proposes to establish an evidence-based framework to support current and future stakeholder dialogues organised by third party certifiers. This will contribute to harmonising standards, helping consumers to make fully informed choices with regards to the sustainability and safety of their seafood. The ‘Ethical Aquatic Food Index’ (EAFI), a qualitative holistic measure of overall sustainability intended to support consumers’ purchasing decisions, will be based on detailed research centred on a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of current processes. Systems thinking will be applied to analyse livelihood impacts along the global value chains of four farmed aquatic products, tilapia, shrimp, freshwater prawns and Pangasius catfish in four major producing countries China, Thailand, Vietnam and Bangladesh. Initial assessments of environmental impacts by and on aquatic production and processing systems, and impacts on product safety and social equity will lead towards prioritisation of critical issues and supportive action research. Micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) based in the EU and Asia will participate in this process, enhancing their relative competitiveness. By strengthening the knowledge base surrounding EU-Asia seafood trade the project will provide the evidence required to support further expansion whilst ensuring a fair deal for producers who are meeting appropriate social and environmental goals and offering a safe and sustainable product for consumers.
Review of environmental impact assessment and monitoring in aquaculture in Asia-Pacific
M.J. Phillips, Fan En-yuan, Fiona Gavine, Tan Kim Hooi, M N Kutty, Nelson A. Lopez, Rattanawan Mungkung, T.T. Nagan, Patrick White, Kei Yamamoto, Hisashi Yokoyama
2009
Shrimp aquaculture in Thailand: application of life cycle assesment to support sustainable development
Rattanawan Mungkung
Surrey Research Insight Open Access (The University of Surrey) · 2005
An in-depth analysis of shrimp aquaculture has been conducted using a life cycle approach to gain a better understanding of the sustainability issues facing the industry. The environmental footprint of the complete supply chain of block-frozen shrimp has been evaluated within this study using Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). The analysis is based on shrimp production in Thailand as a case study, in which frozen shrimp represents the principal shrimp aquaculture product. The results from the LCA study show farming is the key life cycle stage generating the most significant environmental impacts, particularly marine toxicity, abiotic depletion and global warming, which arise mainly from the use of energy, shrimp feed and burnt lime. Eutrophication caused by wastewater discharged from the shrimp ponds has also \nbeen identified as a significant problem. In addition to the key life cycle stages, this study has identified the key environmental issues and improvements needed in aquaculture management practices. The identified environmental impacts can be reduced by using inputs from sustainable sources, such as domesticated broodstock and local sources of post-larvae, and by replacing burnt lime by limestone. Further improvements could be achieved by using jet aeration equipment rather than paddle-wheel aerators because of their better energy efficiency. Better onfarm management practices should be implemented to improve the quality of ponds, including optimisation of stocking density, feeding rate, water exchange and operation of the aerators. It is also necessary for farms to treat wastewater before its release into natural receiving water to minimise the eutrophication problem. \nIn order to identify more sustainable farming systems, the study has also compared the environmental performance of five different farming types: (i) a Conventional & CoC \nfarm, applying an intensive farming system coupled with an environmental management system (the ‘Code of Conduct for Responsible Marine Aquaculture’, known as ‘CoC’); \n11 (ii) a Biological & CoC farm, practising an intensive farming system with implementation of CoC and minimising the use of chemicals; (iii) a Probiotic farm, using \nprobiotic substances to digest waste in shrimp ponds; (iv) an Ecological farm, aiming to raise shrimps naturally by optimising the ecological intensity of inputs; and (v) a ‘Goingto-be-Organic’ farm, undergoing conversion from conventional to organic farming primarily by operating at a lower stock density and completely eliminating chemical inputs. The LCA results show that potential impacts of the various farming types are closely related to the choice of farming site, culture technique and management strategy. The Conventional & CoC farm has the highest impacts because of the higher inputs of energy, feed and burnt lime. The use of probiotics (in Probiotic farm) and biological extracts (in Biological & CoC and Going-to-be Organic farms) in place of chemicals significantly reduces the ecotoxicity impact. The Ecological farm proves to be the least problematic in \nterms of eutrophication, primarily as a result of reduced feeding rate and improved feed management. If equal importance is attributed to all the impact categories considered in the CML Baseline method, the environmental performance of the different farming systems can be ranked from best to worst as: Going-to-be-Organic, Probiotic, Ecological, Biological & CoC and Conventional & CoC farms. Similar ranking is obtained for the other two life cycle impact assessment methods used here, i.e. EPS 2000 and Ecoindicator 99. This study has also highlighted that economic priorities and social benefits coupled with environmental consideration must be analysed from the life cycle perspective. The results from LC A can be used to formulate a more sustainable policy and management framework for the shrimp aquaculture industry. Participation of the stakeholders along the supply chain is also important for policy formulation and implementation of sustainable management frameworks. Roles and responsibilities of various governmental \norganisations must be clearly defined, together with the establishment of laws and regulations to support the implementation of policy aligned with environmental objectives. Environmental management should also include sustainable management of aquaculture resources and farming practices with strong support from associated \nindustries to improve the overall environmental performance of shrimp production as a whole. The environmental performance of shrimp production is increasingly becoming a commercial concern due mainly to the consumer demand for environmentally-friendly products. The environmental issues identified in this LCA study are therefore used to analyse various certification schemes that have been introduced or proposed for production of farmed shnmp, and to propose an colabelling initiative for sh
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